{"id":939,"date":"2024-10-01T09:46:16","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T09:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/champs-new.lndo.site\/?post_type=cause_death&#038;p=939"},"modified":"2025-11-11T12:14:34","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T12:14:34","slug":"malaria","status":"publish","type":"cause_death","link":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/cause_death\/malaria\/","title":{"rendered":"Malaria"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style style=\"aspect-ratio:unset;\">.publication-details { font-size: 12px; gap: 30px;} .publication-details i { margin-right:7px} <\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull page-header-standard fade-in-down-scroll\" style=\"min-height:320px\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-black-background-color has-background-dim-70 has-background-dim\"><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1501\" height=\"1125\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-2359\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/live-champs-new.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cer-mal-5-1.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cer-mal-5-1.png 1501w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cer-mal-5-1-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cer-mal-5-1-1024x767.png 1024w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cer-mal-5-1-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1501px) 100vw, 1501px\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading text-center\"><\/h2>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pad-5 fade-in-down-scroll pad-bottom-2 has-white-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bc4959e844e9a8b04c9901063412bc12\" style=\"color:#4c9c2e\">BACKGROUND<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8825d11b351d86a648db162732fe23d0\" style=\"color:#000000\">Malaria<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center w-85 margin-auto\">Malaria is an infectious disease causes by one of 5 species of the <em>Plasmodium <\/em>parasite<strong>; <\/strong>most deaths from malaria are caused by <em>Plasmodium falciparum<\/em>.&nbsp; People become infected when they are bitten by <em>Anopheles <\/em>mosquitos that carry the parasite. Malaria symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and fatigue.&nbsp; Severe cases can have loss of consciousness, seizures, bleeding, difficulty breathing, and jaundice.&nbsp; People with some immunity to <em>Plasmodium<\/em> can have infections without any symptoms. People at highest risk for severe malaria infection include young children, pregnant women, persons with HIV, and travelers going to a region that has malaria.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:33px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center w-85 margin-auto has-medium-font-size\"><strong>CHAMPS Sites with Endemic Malaria<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n    <title>amCharts Map &#8211; Optimized Timing<\/title>\n  \n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"chart-container\"> \n\n    <div class=\"map-key\">\n  <div class=\"legend-item\">\n    <span class=\"legend-color endemic\"><\/span>\n    Malaria endemic\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"legend-item\">\n    <span class=\"legend-color not-endemic\"><\/span>\n    Malaria not endemic\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"chartdiv\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; opacity: 0; transition: opacity 1s;\">\n      \n\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n    <script>\n        am4core.ready(function () {\n            am4core.useTheme(am4themes_animated);\n\n            \/\/ Create map chart\n            var chart = am4core.create(\"chartdiv\", am4maps.MapChart);\n            chart.geodata = am4geodata_worldLow;\n            chart.projection = new am4maps.projections.Miller();\n            chart.homeGeoPoint = { latitude: 0, longitude: 30 };\n            chart.homeZoomLevel = 1;\n            chart.seriesContainer.draggable = false;\n            chart.seriesContainer.resizable = false;\n\n            \/\/ Create polygon series for countries\n            var polygonSeries = chart.series.push(new am4maps.MapPolygonSeries());\n            polygonSeries.useGeodata = true;\n            polygonSeries.include = [\n                \"DZ\", \"EG\", \"LY\", \"MA\", \"SD\", \"TN\", \"AO\", \"BJ\", \"BW\", \"BF\", \"BI\", \"CM\", \"CV\", \"CF\", \"TD\",\n                \"KM\", \"CG\", \"CD\", \"DJ\", \"GQ\", \"ER\", \"SZ\", \"ET\", \"GA\", \"GM\", \"GH\", \"GN\", \"GW\", \"CI\", \"KE\",\n                \"LS\", \"LR\", \"MG\", \"MW\", \"ML\", \"MR\", \"MU\", \"MZ\", \"NA\", \"NE\", \"NG\", \"RW\", \"ST\", \"SN\", \"SC\",\n                \"SL\", \"SO\", \"ZA\", \"SS\", \"TZ\", \"TG\", \"UG\", \"ZM\", \"ZW\", \"AF\", \"IR\", \"IQ\", \"IL\", \"JO\", \"KW\",\n                \"LB\", \"OM\", \"PS\", \"QA\", \"SA\", \"SY\", \"AE\", \"YE\", \"BD\", \"BT\", \"IN\", \"MV\", \"NP\", \"PK\", \"LK\"\n            ];\n\n            \/\/ Highlighted countries\n            var highlightedCountries = [\n                { id: \"KE\", fill: am4core.color(\"#f4436c\") },\n                { id: \"ZA\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") },\n                { id: \"MZ\", fill: am4core.color(\"#f4436c\") },\n                { id: \"SL\", fill: am4core.color(\"#f4436c\") },\n                { id: \"ML\", fill: am4core.color(\"#f4436c\") },\n                { id: \"PK\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") },\n                { id: \"BD\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") },\n                { id: \"NG\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") },\n                { id: \"ET\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") }\n            ];\n\n            polygonSeries.data = highlightedCountries;\n            polygonSeries.mapPolygons.template.propertyFields.fill = \"fill\";\n\n            \/\/ Configure labels\n            var imageSeries = chart.series.push(new am4maps.MapImageSeries());\n            imageSeries.mapImages.template.propertyFields.latitude = \"latitude\";\n            imageSeries.mapImages.template.propertyFields.longitude = \"longitude\";\n            imageSeries.mapImages.template.nonScaling = true;\n\n            var labelTemplate = imageSeries.mapImages.template.createChild(am4core.Label);\n            labelTemplate.text = \"{label}\";\n            labelTemplate.horizontalCenter = \"left\";\n            labelTemplate.verticalCenter = \"middle\";\n            labelTemplate.fontSize = 12;\n            labelTemplate.background.fill = am4core.color(\"#fff\");\n            labelTemplate.background.fillOpacity = 0.7;\n            labelTemplate.background.stroke = am4core.color(\"#000\");\n            labelTemplate.padding(5, 10, 5, 10);\n            labelTemplate.opacity = 0;\n\n      \n\n       \n\n            function startAnimations() {\n                \/\/ Animate only highlighted countries\n                polygonSeries.mapPolygons.each((polygon, index) => {\n                    if (highlightedCountries.some(c => c.id === polygon.dataItem.dataContext.id)) {\n                        setTimeout(() => {\n                            console.log(`Animating highlighted country: ${polygon.dataItem.dataContext.id}`);\n                            polygon.animate({ property: \"opacity\", to: 1 }, 500);\n                        }, index * 200);\n                    }\n                });\n\n                \/\/ Animate lines and labels for highlighted countries\n                imageSeries.data.forEach((dataItem, index) => {\n                    setTimeout(() => {\n                        const line = lineSeries.mapLines.create();\n                        line.multiGeoLine = [\n                            [\n                                { latitude: dataItem.latitude, longitude: dataItem.longitude },\n                                { latitude: dataItem.targetLatitude, longitude: dataItem.targetLongitude }\n                            ]\n                        ];\n                        console.log(`Animating line for: ${dataItem.label}`);\n                        line.animate({ property: \"opacity\", to: 1 }, 1000);\n\n                        const label = imageSeries.mapImages.getIndex(index).children.getIndex(0);\n                        setTimeout(() => {\n                            console.log(`Animating label for: ${dataItem.label}`);\n                            label.animate({ property: \"opacity\", to: 1 }, 500);\n                        }, 500);\n                    }, index * 500);\n                });\n            }\n\n            const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries => {\n                if (entries[0].isIntersecting) {\n                    document.getElementById(\"chartdiv\").style.opacity = 1; \/\/ Fade in the chart\n                    startAnimations(); \/\/ Trigger animations\n                    observer.disconnect();\n                }\n            }, { threshold: 0.5 });\n\n            observer.observe(document.getElementById(\"chartdiv\"));\n        });\n    <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n    \n\n    .chart-container {\n\n      position: relative;\n    }\n#chartdiv {\n\n    pointer-events: none;\n}\n.map-key {\n  margin-top: 15px;\n  display: flex;\n  gap: 20px;\n  align-items: center;\n  font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif;\n  font-size: 14px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  position: absolute;\n\n  bottom: 10%;\n  right: 5%;\n}\n\n.legend-item {\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 8px;\n}\n\n.legend-color {\n  display: inline-block;\n  width: 30px;\n  height: 30px;\n  border-radius: 3px;\n  border: 1px solid #333;\n}\n\n.legend-color.not-endemic {\n  background-color: #4c9c2e;\n}\n\n.legend-color.endemic {\n  background-color: #f4436c;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fade-in-up\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-relative\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light cover-top-align fade-in-down-scroll wp-duotone-grayscale\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-151\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/champs-new.lndo.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-scaled.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-80 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#93d500\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">MALARIA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignfull has-text-align-center\">Quick Facts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center w-65 margin-auto\">Malaria continues to devastate many communities, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where children under five make up the majority of deaths from malaria. CHAMPS is helping to combat this crisis by accurately identifying deaths from malaria in children and determining what measures are needed to prevent these deaths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group impact-grid is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4d858cb8 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<div  class=\"impact-counter fade-in-down-stagger\"> \n\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/death.png\" \n             alt=\"Impact Counter\" \n             loading=\"lazy\"\/>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-number-wrapper\">\n            <span class=\"impact-number\" data-count=\"597000\">0<\/span>\n            <span class=\"impact-text\"><\/span>\n        <\/p>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-description\">estimated number of malaria deaths in 2023<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n<script>\n\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"impact-counter fade-in-down-stagger\"> \n\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Under-5-01-1.png\" \n             alt=\"Impact Counter\" \n             loading=\"lazy\"\/>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-number-wrapper\">\n            <span class=\"impact-number\" data-count=\"95\">0<\/span>\n            <span class=\"impact-text\">%<\/span>\n        <\/p>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-description\">proportion of malaria deaths the occurred in Africa<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n<script>\n\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"impact-counter fade-in-down-stagger\"> \n\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Population-01.png\" \n             alt=\"Impact Counter\" \n             loading=\"lazy\"\/>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-number-wrapper\">\n            <span class=\"impact-number\" data-count=\"76\">0<\/span>\n            <span class=\"impact-text\">%<\/span>\n        <\/p>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-description\"> proportion of malaria deaths in Africa that occurred in children &lt;5 years   <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n<script>\n\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"impact-counter fade-in-down-stagger\"> \n\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Under-5-01-1.png\" \n             alt=\"Impact Counter\" \n             loading=\"lazy\"\/>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-number-wrapper\">\n            <span class=\"impact-number\" data-count=\"2\">0<\/span>\n            <span class=\"impact-text\"><\/span>\n        <\/p>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-description\"> Number of malaria vaccines now available for young children<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n<script>\n\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"dot-spiral\"> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"accurate-tag\">World Health Organization Malaria. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/malaria#tab=tab_1\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/malaria#tab=tab_1<\/a>.&nbsp; Accessed June 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pad-5-no-bottom\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center w-65 margin-auto\"><strong>Malaria is major contributor to deaths among infants and children 1-59 mo where transmission is high<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column center-flex is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>CHAMPS tests for malaria parasites in blood using smears and rapid antigen tests, in blood and spinal fluid using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and in tissues using routine pathology and immunohistochemistry staining&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column center-flex is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"list-styling\">As of 31 August 2025, CHAMPS identified 444 deaths caused by malaria. Two deaths occurred in newborns.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"list-styling\">All other deaths were among infants and children under five.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"list-styling\"> Overall, malaria contributed to 21.8% of infant and under-five child deaths.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"list-styling\">Of 1453 total infant and child deaths that occurred in four malaria-endemic CHAMPS sites (Figure 1): 30.1% were caused by malaria. 8.5% tested positive for malaria, but other diseases caused the death.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<table> \n\n<tr>\n<th>Age Group<\/th>\n<th>Bangladesh <br><span> (n=16) <\/span><\/th>\n\n<th>Ethiopia <br><span> (n=155) <\/span><\/th>\n<th class=\"endemic kenya-header right\">Kenya <br><span> (n=490) <\/span><\/th>\n<th class=\"endemic ml-header\">Mali <br><span> (n=168) <\/span><\/th>\n<th class=\"endemic mz-header\">Mozambique <br> <span> (n=301) <\/span><\/th>\n<th class=\"endemic sl-header\">Sierra Leone<br> <span> (n=494) <\/span><\/th>\n<th>South Africa<br> <span> (n=408) <\/span><\/th>\n<th>Total<sup>*<\/sup><br> <span> (n=2032) <\/span><\/th>\n\n <\/tr>\n\n<tr class=\"infant\">\n\n<td>Infant (28 days to less than 12 months) (n=1049) <\/td>\n\n<td>0<\/td>\n\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic left right\">55<\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic sides\">11<\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic right\">41<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>110<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n\n\n<tr class=\"child\">\n\n<td>Child (12-59 months) (n=983) <\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic sides\">103<\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic\">12<\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic sides\">48<\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic right\">164<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>332<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"total\">\n\n<td>Total (n=2032)  <\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n\n<td>4 <\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic sides bottom\">158<\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic bottom\">15<\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic sides bottom\">59<\/td>\n<td class=\"endemic right bottom\">205<\/td>\n<td>1  <\/td>\n<td>442 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n\n<\/table>\n\n\n<style> \n\ntable {\n\n\tmargin: 0 auto!important;\n\twidth: 90%;\n}\nth {\n\n\tpadding: 20px;\n\tfont-weight: 900;\n\tfont-size: 16px;\n\tbackground: #4c9c2e;\n\tcolor: white;text-align: center;\n}\n\nth span {\n\n\ttext-align: center;\n}\n\ntd:not(:first-child) {\n\n\ttext-align: center;\n}\n\ntd {\n\n\tpadding: 15px;\n\tfont-size: 16px;\n\tfont-weight: 600;\n}\n\ntr:nth-child(even) {\n\n\tbackground: #dddddd;\n\n\n}\n\n\n.endemic {\n\n\tbackground-color: #f4436c;\n\n}\n\n.kenya-header {\n\n\tborder-top:  2px solid black;\n\tborder-left:  2px solid black;\n}\n\n\n.ml-header {\n\tborder-top:  2px solid black;\n\n}\n.mz-header {\n\n\tborder-top:  2px solid black;\n\tborder-left:  2px solid black;\n\tborder-right:  2px solid black;\n}\n.sl-header {\n\n\tborder-top:  2px solid black;\n\t\n\tborder-right:  2px solid black;\n}\n.sides {\n\tborder-left:  2px solid black;\n\tborder-right:  2px solid black;\n\n}\n\n.bottom {\n\n\tborder-bottom: 2px solid black;\n}\n\n.right {\n\n\tborder-right: 2px solid black;\n}\n\n.left {\n\n\tborder-left: 2px solid black;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:51px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Number of infants and child deaths enrolled by CHAMPS site and whether the child died from malaria,tested positive but died from other causes, or tested negative for malaria.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<!-- Container -->\n<div id=\"champsChart\" style=\"width:100%; height:520px;\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\nam5.ready(function () {\n  const root = am5.Root.new(\"champsChart\");\n  root.setThemes([am5themes_Animated.new(root)]);\n\n  const chart = root.container.children.push(\n    am5xy.XYChart.new(root, {\n      panX: false,\n      panY: false,\n      wheelX: \"none\",\n      wheelY: \"none\",\n      layout: root.verticalLayout,\n      paddingBottom: 24\n    })\n  );\n\n  chart.children.unshift(\n    am5.Label.new(root, {\n      fontSize: 16,\n      fontWeight: \"600\",\n      centerX: am5.p50,\n      x: am5.p50,\n      paddingBottom: 8\n    })\n  );\n\n  const data = [\n    { site: \"Kenya\",        died: 158, posOther: 56, none: 276 },\n    { site: \"Mali\",         died: 15,  posOther: 2,  none: 151 },\n    { site: \"Mozambique\",   died: 59,  posOther: 11, none: 231 },\n    { site: \"Sierra Leone\", died: 205, posOther: 55, none: 234 }\n  ];\n\n  \/\/ X-axis\n  const xRenderer = am5xy.AxisRendererX.new(root, {\n    minGridDistance: 20,\n    cellStartLocation: 0.1,\n    cellEndLocation: 0.9\n  });\n  xRenderer.grid.template.setAll({ visible: false });\n\n  const xAxis = chart.xAxes.push(\n    am5xy.CategoryAxis.new(root, {\n      categoryField: \"site\",\n      renderer: xRenderer,\n      tooltip: am5.Tooltip.new(root, {})\n    })\n  );\n  xAxis.data.setAll(data);\n\n  \/\/ Y-axis\n  const yRenderer = am5xy.AxisRendererY.new(root, {});\n  const yAxis = chart.yAxes.push(\n    am5xy.ValueAxis.new(root, {\n      renderer: yRenderer,\n      min: 0\n    })\n  );\n\n  yAxis.children.unshift(\n    am5.Label.new(root, {\n      text: \"Number of deaths\",\n      rotation: -90,\n      y: am5.p50,\n      centerX: am5.p50\n    })\n  );\n\n  \/\/ Legend\n  const legend = chart.children.push(\n    am5.Legend.new(root, {\n      centerX: am5.p50,\n      x: am5.p50,\n      paddingTop: 10,\n      useDefaultMarker: true\n    })\n  );\n\n  \/\/ ---- Option A: move tiny labels outside the bar ----\n  const SMALL_VALUE = 15; \/\/ tweak to taste\n\n  function makeSeries(name, field, color) {\n    const series = chart.series.push(\n      am5xy.ColumnSeries.new(root, {\n        name,\n        stacked: true,\n        xAxis,\n        yAxis,\n        valueYField: field,\n        categoryXField: \"site\",\n        tooltip: am5.Tooltip.new(root, { labelText: \"{name}: {valueY}\" })\n      })\n    );\n\n    series.columns.template.setAll({\n      width: am5.percent(100),\n      strokeOpacity: 0,\n      fill: am5.color(color)\n    });\n\n    series.bullets.push(() => {\n      const label = am5.Label.new(root, {\n        text: \"{valueY}\",\n        populateText: true,\n        centerX: am5.p50,\n        centerY: am5.p50,\n        fill: am5.color(0xffffff),\n        fontWeight: \"700\",\n        dx: 0,\n        textAlign: \"center\"\n      });\n\n      \/\/ When value is small, push label to the right and nudge out\n      label.adapters.add(\"centerX\", (centerX, target) => {\n        const di = target.dataItem;\n        if (di && di.get(\"valueY\") < SMALL_VALUE) return 1; \/\/ right edge\n        return am5.p50;\n      });\n\n      label.adapters.add(\"dx\", (dx, target) => {\n        const di = target.dataItem;\n        if (di && di.get(\"valueY\") < SMALL_VALUE) return 10; \/\/ outside a bit\n        return 0;\n      });\n\n      label.adapters.add(\"fill\", (fill, target) => {\n        const di = target.dataItem;\n        if (di && di.get(\"valueY\") < SMALL_VALUE) return am5.color(0xffffff);\n        return am5.color(0xffffff);\n      });\n\n      label.adapters.add(\"textAlign\", (align, target) => {\n        const di = target.dataItem;\n        if (di && di.get(\"valueY\") < SMALL_VALUE) return \"left\";\n        return \"center\";\n      });\n\n      const bullet = am5.Bullet.new(root, { sprite: label });\n\n      \/\/ Move the whole bullet slightly beyond the right edge for tiny values\n      bullet.adapters.add(\"locationX\", (loc, target) => {\n        const di = target.dataItem;\n        if (di && di.get(\"valueY\") < SMALL_VALUE) return 1.05;\n        return 0.5;\n      });\n\n      return bullet;\n    });\n\n    series.data.setAll(data);\n    legend.data.push(series);\n    return series;\n  }\n\n  \/\/ Colors\n  const cBlue   = \"#f4436c\"; \/\/ malaria deaths\n  const cOrange = \"#73d500\"; \/\/ tested positive, other causes\n  const cGreen  = \"#4c9c2e\"; \/\/ no malaria\n\n  const sDied     = makeSeries(\"Died from Malaria\", \"died\", cBlue);\n  const sPosOther = makeSeries(\"Tested positive, died from other causes\", \"posOther\", cOrange);\n  const sNone     = makeSeries(\"No malaria\", \"none\", cGreen);\n\n  chart.appear(800, 100);\n  sDied.appear();\n  sPosOther.appear();\n  sNone.appear();\n});\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pad-5\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The CHAMPS Network collects cause of death data for stillbirths and children &lt;5 years of age across seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia; Mozambique began enrollment in 2016, South Africa, Kenya, Mali, and Bangladesh began in 2017, and Sierra Leone and Ethiopia began in 2019. Between December 3, 2016, and December 31, 2022, a total of 5894 cases underwent Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling (MITS), with 4661 cases had a Cause of Death (CoD) determined through a Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) panel across the 7 sites. Malaria relates deaths were concentrated in Sierra Leona, Kenya, Mozambique, and Mali. South Africa recorded a singular Malaria death. There were no malaria deaths recorded in Ethiopia or Bangladesh.<\/p>\n\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/d3js.org\/d3.v6.min.js\"><\/script>\n<div id=\"chart-malaria\"> \n\n<div class=\"graph-top\"><p class=\"graph-title\"> Number of deaths by site and proportion of deaths that had malaria anywhere in\nthe causal chain in infants and children. <\/p>\n<div class=\"graph-col-expand\"> <i class=\"fa fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center\"> <\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<style> \n\n\n.graph-top {\n\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: space-between;\n}\n.graph-title {\n\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 1rem;\n}\n\n.graph-col-expand {\n    top: 0;\n    right: 0;\n    border:  1px solid #06A7E0;\n    width: 30px;\n    height: 30px;\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: center;\n    align-items: center;\n    \n    aspect-ratio:  1\/1;\n}\n\n.graph-col-expand:hover {\n    background-color: #06A7E0;\n    color: white;\n    scale: 1.1;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n}\n\n.graph-col-expanded {\n    width: 100%;\n    flex-basis: 100%!important;\n    transition:  all 0.5s ease;\n    max-height: 650px;\n}\n\n.graph-col-shrink {\n    width: 0;\n    flex-basis: 0!important;\n    display: none;\n}\n\n#chart-malaria {\n    position: relative;\n    padding: 0;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n    const data = [\n        { country: \"Kenya\", total: 306, malaria: 96 },\n        { country: \"Sierra Leone\", total: 294, malaria: 126 },\n        { country: \"South Africa\", total: 292, malaria: 1 },\n        { country: \"Mozambique\", total: 198, malaria: 36 },\n        { country: \"Mali\", total: 60, malaria: 4 },\n        { country: \"Ethiopia\", total: 27, malaria: 0 },\n        { country: \"Bangladesh\", total: 6, malaria: 0 }\n    ];\n\n    \/\/ Function to render the graph\n    function renderGraph(targetDiv) {\n        const svg = d3.select(targetDiv).append(\"svg\")\n            .attr(\"preserveAspectRatio\", \"xMinYMin meet\")\n            .attr(\"viewBox\", \"0 0 1000 700\")  \/\/ Increased height for the legend and labels\n            .classed(\"svg-content-responsive\", true);\n\n        let width = 1000;\n        let height = 650;\n        const squareSize = 15;\n        const maxSquaresInRow = 8;\n        const margin = { top: 50, right: 20, bottom: 60, left: 50 };  \/\/ Increased bottom margin\n\n        const xScale = d3.scaleBand()\n            .domain(data.map(d => d.country))\n            .range([margin.left, width - margin.right])\n            .paddingInner(0.3);\n\n        const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()\n            .domain([0, 320])\n            .range([height - margin.bottom, margin.top]);\n\n        const tooltip = d3.select(\"body\").append(\"div\")\n            .attr(\"class\", \"tooltip\")\n            .style(\"opacity\", 0)\n            .style(\"position\", \"absolute\")\n            .style(\"background\", \"lightsteelblue\")\n            .style(\"padding\", \"5px\")\n            .style(\"border-radius\", \"5px\");\n\n        let totalMalariaCases = 0;\n        let totalNonMalariaCases = 0;\n\n        data.forEach((d) => {\n            const totalCases = d.total;\n            const malariaCases = d.malaria;\n            const nonMalariaCases = totalCases - malariaCases;\n            const malariaPercentage = ((malariaCases \/ totalCases) * 100).toFixed(1);\n\n            totalMalariaCases += malariaCases;\n            totalNonMalariaCases += nonMalariaCases;\n\n            let malariaCount = 0;\n\n            for (let i = 0; i < malariaCases; i++) {\n                const col = i % maxSquaresInRow;\n                const row = Math.floor(i \/ maxSquaresInRow);\n\n                svg.append(\"rect\")\n                    .attr(\"class\", \"square\")\n                    .attr(\"x\", xScale(d.country) + (col * squareSize))\n                    .attr(\"y\", height - margin.bottom - ((row + 1) * squareSize))\n                    .attr(\"width\", squareSize)\n                    .attr(\"height\", squareSize)\n                    .attr(\"fill\", \"#00334e\")\n                    .attr(\"data-original-color\", \"#00334e\")\n                    .attr(\"opacity\", 0)\n                    .transition()\n                    .delay(i * 10)\n                    .duration(200)\n                    .attr(\"opacity\", 1);\n\n                malariaCount++;\n            }\n\n            for (let i = 0; i < nonMalariaCases; i++) {\n                const col = (malariaCount + i) % maxSquaresInRow;\n                const row = Math.floor((malariaCount + i) \/ maxSquaresInRow);\n\n                svg.append(\"rect\")\n                    .attr(\"class\", \"square\")\n                    .attr(\"x\", xScale(d.country) + (col * squareSize))\n                    .attr(\"y\", height - margin.bottom - ((row + 1) * squareSize))\n                    .attr(\"width\", squareSize)\n                    .attr(\"data-original-color\", \"#90c3d4\")\n                    .attr(\"height\", squareSize)\n                    .attr(\"fill\", \"#90c3d4\")\n                    .attr(\"opacity\", 0)\n                    .transition()\n                    .delay((malariaCount + i) * 5)\n                    .duration(200)\n                    .attr(\"opacity\", 1);\n            }\n\n            \/\/ Append the percentage label above the column\n            svg.append(\"text\")\n                .attr(\"class\", \"label\")\n                .attr(\"x\", xScale(d.country) + (xScale.bandwidth() \/ 2))\n                .attr(\"y\", margin.top - 20)\n                .style(\"text-anchor\", \"middle\")\n                .text(`${malariaPercentage}%`);\n\n            \/\/ Append the country name label below the chart\n            svg.append(\"text\")\n                .attr(\"class\", \"label\")\n                .attr(\"x\", xScale(d.country) + (xScale.bandwidth() \/ 2))\n                .attr(\"y\", height - margin.bottom + 20)  \/\/ Slightly above (n=value)\n                .style(\"text-anchor\", \"middle\")\n                .style(\"font-size\", \"14px\")  \/\/ Make it larger\n                .style(\"font-weight\", \"bold\")\n                .text(d.country);\n\n            \/\/ Append the (n=value) below the country name\n            svg.append(\"text\")\n                .attr(\"class\", \"label\")\n                .attr(\"x\", xScale(d.country) + (xScale.bandwidth() \/ 2))\n                .attr(\"y\", height - margin.bottom + 35)  \/\/ Position below the country name\n                .style(\"text-anchor\", \"middle\")\n                .text(`(n=${totalCases})`);\n        });\n\n        svg.append(\"g\")\n            .attr(\"transform\", `translate(0,${height - margin.bottom})`)\n            .call(d3.axisBottom(xScale).tickFormat(() => \"\"));  \/\/ Disable default country labels\n\n        svg.append(\"g\")\n            .attr(\"transform\", `translate(${margin.left},0)`)\n            .call(d3.axisLeft(yScale)\n                .tickValues([0, 80, 160, 240, 320])\n                .tickFormat(d3.format(\"d\")));\n\n        \/\/ Legend at the bottom\n        const legendX = margin.left;\n        const legendY = height + 20;\n        const legendSpacing = 350;  \/\/ Adjusted spacing for the legend items\n\n        svg.append(\"rect\")\n            .attr(\"x\", legendX)\n            .attr(\"y\", legendY)\n            .attr(\"width\", squareSize)\n            .attr(\"height\", squareSize)\n            .attr(\"fill\", \"#00334e\");\n\n        svg.append(\"text\")\n            .attr(\"x\", legendX + squareSize + 10)\n            .attr(\"y\", legendY + squareSize \/ 2)\n            .attr(\"dy\", \".35em\")\n            .text(`Malaria in causal chain (n=${totalMalariaCases})`);\n\n        svg.append(\"rect\")\n            .attr(\"x\", legendX + legendSpacing)  \/\/ Adjusted this for more spacing\n            .attr(\"y\", legendY)\n            .attr(\"width\", squareSize)\n            .attr(\"height\", squareSize)\n            .attr(\"fill\", \"#90c3d4\");\n\n        svg.append(\"text\")\n            .attr(\"x\", legendX + legendSpacing + squareSize + 10)\n            .attr(\"y\", legendY + squareSize \/ 2)\n            .attr(\"dy\", \".35em\")\n            .text(`Not in causal chain (n=${totalNonMalariaCases})`);\n    }\n\n    \/\/ IntersectionObserver to trigger graph rendering when in view\n    const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries, observer) => {\n        entries.forEach(entry => {\n            if (entry.isIntersecting) {\n                \/\/ Trigger graph rendering\n                renderGraph(\"#chart-malaria\");\n                observer.disconnect();  \/\/ Stop observing once the animation is triggered\n            }\n        });\n    }, { threshold: 0.5 });  \/\/ Trigger when 50% of the graph is visible\n\n    \/\/ Start observing the chart container\n    observer.observe(document.querySelector('#chart-malaria'));\n\n<\/script>\n\n    <li>\n\n        <p class=\"ref-tag\">Reference<\/p>\n      <div class=\"publication-body\">\n        <div class=\"publication-header\">\n          <h3 class=\"publication-heading\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.01.006\">\n              Burden of child mortality from malaria in high endemic areas: results from the CHAMPS Network using minimally invasive tissue sampling            <\/a>\n          <\/h3>\n          <div class=\"publication-details\">\n                          <div class=\"publication-author\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>Ikechukwu Ogbuanu, et al<\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-country\"><i class=\"fa fa-globe\"><\/i>Network-wide (all sites)<\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-journal\"><i class=\"fa fa-book\"><\/i>Journal of Infection <\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-calendar\"><\/i>2024<\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalofinfection.com\/action\/showPdf?pii=S0163-4453%2824%2900025-2\"> Download<\/a><\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"citation-row\">\n         \n                      <div class=\"publication-citation\">\n              <p>Ogbuanu, I. U., Otieno, K., Varo, R., Sow, S. O., Ojulong, J., Duduyemi, B., Kowuor, D., Cain, C. J., Rogena, E. A., Onyango, D., Akelo, V., Tippett Barr, B. A., terKuile, F., Kotloff, K. L., Tapia, M. D., Keita, A. M., Juma, J., Assefa, N., Assegid, N., &#8230; Bassat, Q. (2024). Burden of child mortality from malaria in high endemic areas: Results from the CHAMPS network using minimally invasive tissue sampling. Journal of Infection, 88(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.01.006<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"excerpt-row\">\n          <p class=\"publication-excerpt\">\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/li>\n    \n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n    \n\n    .publication-details {\n\n      font-size: 12px;\n    }\n.publication-year a {\n\n    color: black;\n    text-decoration: none;\n}\n    .publication-heading a {\n\n        color: black;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 18px;\n        display: block;\n    }\n\n    .publication-body:hover {\n    background-color: #fff;\n    border: none;\n    padding: 0px;\n    transform: all .2s ease;\n}\n\n.publication-details {\n\n    display: flex;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n}\n.citation-row p {\n\n    font-size: 12px;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>CHAMPS conducted minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) deceased children aged 1 to 59 months at 7 sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia from December 3, 2016, to December 3, 2020. Data analysis was conducted between October and November 2021.The expert panel attributed underlying, intermediate, and immediate conditions in the chain of events leading to death, based on histopathologic analysis, microbiological diagnostics, clinical data, and verbal autopsies.In this study, MITS was performed in 632 deceased children (mean [SD] age at death, 1.3 [0.3] years; 342 [54.1%] male).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The 6 most common underlying causes of death were malnutrition (104 [16.5%]), HIV (75 [11.9%]), <strong>malaria (71 [11.2%])<\/strong>, congenital birth defects (64 [10.1%]), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs; 53 [8.4%]), and diarrheal diseases (46 [7.2%]).<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"chartContainerDeaths\" style=\"width:100%;height:500px;\"><\/div>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/5\/index.js\"><\/script>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/5\/xy.js\"><\/script>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/5\/themes\/Animated.js\"><\/script>\n<script>\n  \/\/ Root & theme\n  const rootDeathCauses = am5.Root.new(\"chartContainerDeaths\");\n  rootDeathCauses.setThemes([ am5themes_Animated.new(rootDeathCauses) ]);\n\n  \/\/ Chart\n  const chartDeathCauses = rootDeathCauses.container.children.push(\n    am5xy.XYChart.new(rootDeathCauses, {\n      panX: false,\n      panY: false,\n      wheelX: \"none\",\n      wheelY: \"none\"\n    })\n  );\n\n  \/\/ ---- Axis Titles (use axis containers) ----\n  const yTitleDeathCauses = chartDeathCauses.leftAxesContainer.children.unshift(\n    am5.Label.new(rootDeathCauses, {\n      text: \"Underlying Causes of Death\",\n      rotation: -90,\n      centerY: am5.p50,\n      y: am5.p50,\n      dy: 100, \/\/ Shift downwards\n      fontWeight: \"bold\"\n    })\n  );\n\n  const xTitleDeathCauses = chartDeathCauses.bottomAxesContainer.children.push(\n    am5.Label.new(rootDeathCauses, {\n      text: \"Number of Deaths\",\n      x: am5.p50,\n      centerX: am5.p50,\n      fontWeight: \"bold\"\n    })\n  );\n\n  \/\/ Ensure space for the Y title\n  chartDeathCauses.set(\"paddingLeft\", 70);\n\n  \/\/ ---- Axes ----\n  const catRendererDC = am5xy.AxisRendererY.new(rootDeathCauses, {\n    inversed: true,\n    cellStartLocation: 0.1,\n    cellEndLocation: 0.9\n  });\n  const catAxisDC = chartDeathCauses.yAxes.push(\n    am5xy.CategoryAxis.new(rootDeathCauses, {\n      categoryField: \"cause\",\n      renderer: catRendererDC\n    })\n  );\n\n  const valRendererDC = am5xy.AxisRendererX.new(rootDeathCauses, {});\n  const valAxisDC = chartDeathCauses.xAxes.push(\n    am5xy.ValueAxis.new(rootDeathCauses, { renderer: valRendererDC })\n  );\n\n  \/\/ ---- Series ----\n  const seriesDC = chartDeathCauses.series.push(\n    am5xy.ColumnSeries.new(rootDeathCauses, {\n      name: \"Deaths\",\n      xAxis: valAxisDC,\n      yAxis: catAxisDC,\n      valueXField: \"count\",\n      categoryYField: \"cause\",\n      sequencedInterpolation: true,\n      tooltip: am5.Tooltip.new(rootDeathCauses, {\n        labelText: \"{cause}: {count} ({percentage}%)\"\n      })\n    })\n  );\n\n  \/\/ Style columns: Malaria = #f4436c, others default\n  seriesDC.columns.template.adapters.add(\"fill\", (fill, target) => {\n    if (target.dataItem && target.dataItem.dataContext.cause === \"Malaria\") {\n      return am5.color(0xf4436c);\n    }\n    return fill;\n  });\n\n  seriesDC.columns.template.adapters.add(\"stroke\", (stroke, target) => {\n    if (target.dataItem && target.dataItem.dataContext.cause === \"Malaria\") {\n      return am5.color(0xf4436c);\n    }\n    return stroke;\n  });\n\n  seriesDC.columns.template.setAll({\n    cornerRadiusTR: 5,\n    cornerRadiusBR: 5,\n    fillOpacity: 0.8\n  });\n\n  \/\/ ---- Data ----\n  const dataDC = [\n    { cause: \"Malnutrition\", count: 104, percentage: 16.5 },\n    { cause: \"HIV\", count: 75, percentage: 11.9 },\n    { cause: \"Malaria\", count: 71, percentage: 11.2 },\n    { cause: \"Congenital birth defects\", count: 64, percentage: 10.1 },\n    { cause: \"LRTIs\", count: 53, percentage: 8.4 },\n    { cause: \"Diarrheal diseases\", count: 46, percentage: 7.2 }\n  ];\n\n  seriesDC.data.setAll(dataDC);\n  catAxisDC.data.setAll(dataDC);\n<\/script>\n\n\n    <li>\n\n        <p class=\"ref-tag\">Reference<\/p>\n      <div class=\"publication-body\">\n        <div class=\"publication-header\">\n          <h3 class=\"publication-heading\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.22494\">\n              Causes of Death Among Infants and Children in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network            <\/a>\n          <\/h3>\n          <div class=\"publication-details\">\n                          <div class=\"publication-author\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>Quique Bassat, et al<\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-country\"><i class=\"fa fa-globe\"><\/i>Network-wide (all sites)<\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-journal\"><i class=\"fa fa-book\"><\/i>JAMA Network Open<\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-calendar\"><\/i>2023<\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/watermark.silverchair.com\/bassat_2023_oi_230664_1689688240.39088.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAzIwggMuBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggMfMIIDGwIBADCCAxQGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMewBsQoaDtpNzG0YsAgEQgIIC5Q1uY8JeZ8f-QEIONSmPdEvuAKI04q_hkbI7vYdvfbnxY7aU1jBOTtTWy_-iPOCNsNWIDyKkodRfZtuM3Lfj14GcvezRWpjaTteCwGeyY_xmGgMlFOh8XQiqmRZS0E9-oD7G-Mh19camPHhBPdgzdJFr2PQgL8A3AYJD7QNm2tcTOuTl9kR0AnQ_CXnT_DwZOjM5OlisOHhdusCURS8KPXO7sSV8UNiKKIkLy3rbwDATqYq8yDH94__YNP4EMD9leECAN6oFUzpXJsBBZjJ1M1HT7YoBzlu1HgA5utTemtdU5bduUt1Hf23G2RE793XP74NX95oYB6JK9aWUn5ucsWXFyRMISGJow__YjlpmNQ1ApPhMSp7S2vdWN_dXiqxMOA-e_Aqsbw0OvGn7nrqzU5ELIFDXc0m_VOtECKb05-oe6D4icr-cnY5WE7f_7_-4eOdDwStOYDn_XNb0JXoCRmGeuTNdszCPCUEWcntFFwvJJjbbRLU8X_3_bPbAVsZoCTxlV7uvPzIDnAylDnurcvWCi31BnLfTD8T0Uc7aRATh08iEv_hWn9kJKSz2VqU4F4aFhLcdqQ2-mF8nmxFAPqtPwLJDcKEUMqNOf-E6SwnZJgptyp8tixQbX4GrjDfvepTetenSKJOF7XGq4VPwhb5l2Da0Ck890TFCbQh_3PKQ1A3nwII5-TEXQukKQkYt0-yxob98aR4Xy99fzoOzU4htKd4h7eQj-Ra14kfoLgXuxox4kybeqoT0DbSpbhrwpfhQTwGjqjlHMMec9wOuKeXqmas5KnsA_fka-fiEyajmBaqx8Fq2uiYc1g2uX9xjJUfrwk9qZSAKmrJ77Z3M3YOkB4_F4LJ60o2zwhyk5Yvyyl8UMEH4-ljs4A0rgaSCSv1w9bMijWtraDJx_JN4jrqy9BnKDReKjqpbPHx25tSDX5NqGviVgPyD-1ng2-DyeIQ5-KGJ_fbwlR-qwUcbEvZCKaEfog\"> Download<\/a><\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"citation-row\">\n         \n                      <div class=\"publication-citation\">\n              <p>Bassat, Q., Blau, D. M., Ogbuanu, I. U., Samura, S., Kaluma, E., Bassey, I., Sow, S., Keita, A. M., Tapia, M. D., Mehta, A., Kotloff, K. L., Rahman, A., Islam, K. M., Alam, M., El Arifeen, S., Gurley, E. S., Baillie, V., Mutevedzi, P., Mahtab, S., &#8230; Madhi, S. A. (2023). Causes of death among infants and children in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network. JAMA Network Open, 6(7), e2322494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.22494<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"excerpt-row\">\n          <p class=\"publication-excerpt\">\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/li>\n    \n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n    \n\n    .publication-details {\n\n      font-size: 12px;\n    }\n.publication-year a {\n\n    color: black;\n    text-decoration: none;\n}\n    .publication-heading a {\n\n        color: black;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 18px;\n        display: block;\n    }\n\n    .publication-body:hover {\n    background-color: #fff;\n    border: none;\n    padding: 0px;\n    transform: all .2s ease;\n}\n\n.publication-details {\n\n    display: flex;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n}\n.citation-row p {\n\n    font-size: 12px;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pad-5-sides invis\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n\n<div class=\"cause-etiologies row\">\n  <h3>Deaths by Infectious Cause: Malaria<\/h3>\n\n  <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n    <div class=\"\">\n      <p class=\"mortality-category\">CHAMPS Mortality Category<\/p>\n\n      <p>Frequency of Malaria as CHAMPS Mortality Category<\/p> \n\n      <!-- Legend for Mortality Categories (outer ring) above the chart -->\n      <div id=\"legend-mortality-category\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><\/div>\n\n      <!-- Chart Container -->\n      <div id=\"chart-cause-category\"><\/div>\n\n      <!-- Legend for Country Categories (inner ring) below the chart -->\n      <div id=\"legend-country\" style=\"margin-top: 20px;\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n    <div class=\"\">\n      <p class=\"mortality-category\">Malaria Parasites<\/p>\n\n      <p>Frequency of parasites found for deaths with Malaria as the Underlying Cause of Death.<\/p> \n\n      <!-- Legend for Mortality Categories (outer ring) above the chart -->\n\n      <!-- Chart Container -->\n<div id=\"etiologyLollipopChart\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 420px;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"lollipop-legend\"> \n\n\n\n<\/div>\n      <!-- Legend for Country Categories (inner ring) below the chart -->\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n\n\ntable {\n\n\tfont-size: 14px;\n\tmargin-left: 20px;\n}\n.legend-colour {\n\n\twidth: 20px;\n\theight: 20px;\n\taspect-ratio: 1\/1;\n\tborder-radius: 1px;\n\tmargin-right: 7px;\n}\n\n.table-etiology{ \npadding: 5px; \nfont-style: italic;\n\n}\n\n.hiv {\n\n\tbackground-color: #F15837;\n}\n\n.no-etiology \n\n{\n\n\tbackground-color: #76C043;\n}\n\n.other-etiology {\n\tbackground-color: #4A62AD;\n}\n\n.plasmodium {\n\n\tbackground-color: 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chart.seriesContainer.children.push(\n    am5.Label.new(root, {\n      textAlign: \"center\",\n      centerY: am5.p100,\n      centerX: am5.p50,\n      text: \"[fontSize:18px]total[\/]:\\n[bold fontSize:30px]357[\/]\"\n    })\n  );\n});\n<\/script>\n\n<script>\nam5.ready(function () {\n  var root = am5.Root.new(\"etiologyLollipopChart\");\n\n  root.numberFormatter.setAll({\n    numberFormat: \"#.#\",\n    numericFields: [\"value\"]\n  });\n\n  root.setThemes([am5themes_Animated.new(root)]);\n\n  var chart = root.container.children.push(\n    am5percent.PieChart.new(root, {\n      layout: root.verticalLayout,\n      innerRadius: am5.percent(50)\n    })\n  );\n\n  var series = chart.series.push(\n    am5percent.PieSeries.new(root, {\n      valueField: \"value\",\n      categoryField: \"category\"\n    })\n  );\n\n  series.data.setAll([\n    { value: 94.2, category: \"Plasmodium falciparum\" },\n    { value: 1, category: \"Plasmodium malariae\" },\n    { value: 5.7, category: \"Plasmodium, species not known\" }\n  ]);\n\n  series.slices.template.setAll({\n    strokeWidth: 3,\n    stroke: am5.color(0xffffff),\n    tooltipText: \"{category}: {value.formatNumber('#.#')}%\"\n  });\n\n  series.slices.template.adapters.add(\"fill\", (fill, target) => {\n    const cat = target.dataItem?.get(\"category\");\n    return cat === \"Plasmodium malariae\" ? am5.color(0xf4436c) : fill;\n  });\n\n  series.slices.template.adapters.add(\"stroke\", (stroke, target) => {\n    const cat = target.dataItem?.get(\"category\");\n    return cat === \"Plasmodium, species not known\" ? am5.color(0xFF69B4) : stroke;\n  });\n\n  series.slices.template.adapters.add(\"strokeDasharray\", (dash, target) => {\n    const cat = target.dataItem?.get(\"category\");\n    return cat === \"Plasmodium, species not known\" ? [5, 9999] : dash;\n  });\n\n  series.slices.template.adapters.add(\"radius\", (radius, target) => {\n    const cat = target.dataItem?.get(\"category\");\n    return cat === \"Plasmodium malariae\" ? radius + 30 : radius;\n  });\n\n  series.labels.template.setAll({\n    radius: 15,\n    text: \"{category}: {value.formatNumber('#.#')}%\",\n    fontSize: 12,\n    fill: am5.color(0x000000),\n    oversizedBehavior: \"wrap\",   \/\/ \u2705 Enable wrapping\n  maxWidth: 175                 \/\/ \u2705 Limit label width\n  });\n\n  var legend = chart.children.push(\n    am5.Legend.new(root, {\n      centerX: am5.p50,\n      x: am5.p50,\n      marginTop: 15,\n      marginBottom: 15,\n      nameField: \"category\",\n      valueField: \"value\",\n      fillField: \"fill\"\n    })\n  );\n\n  \/\/ \u2705 This is the real fix\n  legend.valueLabels.template.adapters.add(\"text\", function (text, target) {\n    const value = target.dataItem?.get(\"value\");\n    if (typeof value === \"number\") {\n     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class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center w-85 margin-auto\">The data below is from an analysis of post-neonatal deaths from Sierra<br>Leone, Kenya, Mali, and Mozambique (n\u2009=\u2009858, with n\u2009=\u2009262 malaria deaths)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column center-flex fade-in-down-stagger is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center w-65 margin-auto\"><strong>Malaria-attributed deaths were found to occur at a significantly older age compared to<br>non-malaria deaths<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column fade-in-down-stagger graph-box is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center w-65 margin-auto\"><strong>More malaria deaths were in boys than in girls.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n  #malaria-male-female {\n    height: 300px;\n    width: 100%;\n  }\n<\/style>\n\n<div id=\"malaria-male-female\"><\/div>\n\n<!-- Load amCharts 5 Core Libraries -->\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/5\/percent.js\"><\/script>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/5\/themes\/Animated.js\"><\/script>\n\n<script>\n\/\/ Create root element\nvar root = am5.Root.new(\"malaria-male-female\");\n\n\/\/ Set themes\nroot.setThemes([\n  am5themes_Animated.new(root)\n]);\n\n\/\/ Create pie chart\nvar chart = root.container.children.push(am5percent.PieChart.new(root, {}));\n\n\/\/ Create pie series\nvar series = chart.series.push(am5percent.PieSeries.new(root, {\n  name: \"Malaria-related Deaths\",\n  valueField: \"value\",\n  categoryField: \"category\",\n  alignLabels: false \/\/ This prevents labels from being placed outside the slices\n}));\n\n\/\/ Set data\nseries.data.setAll([\n  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class=\"wp-block-column fade-in-down-stagger graph-box is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Reported symptoms in children who died from malaria<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"chartdivMalariaSymptoms\"><\/div>\n\n<style>\n  #chartdivMalariaSymptoms {\n    width: 100%;\n    height: 450px;\n  }\n<\/style>\n\n\n<script>\n\/\/ Apply animated theme\nam4core.useTheme(am4themes_animated);\n\n\/\/ Create chart instance\nvar chart = am4core.create(\"chartdivMalariaSymptoms\", am4charts.XYChart);\nchart.scrollbarX = new am4core.Scrollbar(); \/\/ Enable horizontal scrolling\n\n\/\/ Assign data with correct percentages\nchart.data = [\n  { category: \"Fever\", value: 85.1 },\n  { category: \"Vomiting\", value: 60.3 },\n  { category: \"Respiratory Distress\", value: 45.8 },\n  { category: \"Loss of Consciousness\", value: 45.4 },\n  { category: \"Seizures\", value: 42.0 },\n  { category: \"Neurological Manifestations\", value: 13.4 }\n];\n\n\/\/ Create X-axis (Category Axis)\nvar categoryAxis = chart.xAxes.push(new am4charts.CategoryAxis());\ncategoryAxis.dataFields.category = \"category\";\ncategoryAxis.renderer.grid.template.location = 0;\n\n\/\/ Force all labels to be displayed\ncategoryAxis.renderer.labels.template.rotation = -45;\ncategoryAxis.renderer.minGridDistance = 1; \/\/ Prevents skipping labels\ncategoryAxis.renderer.labels.template.horizontalCenter = \"right\";\ncategoryAxis.renderer.labels.template.verticalCenter = \"middle\";\ncategoryAxis.renderer.labels.template.fontSize = 12;\ncategoryAxis.renderer.labels.template.wrap = true;\ncategoryAxis.renderer.labels.template.maxWidth = 200;\ncategoryAxis.renderer.labels.template.truncate = false; \/\/ Ensures full text display\n\n\/\/ Make X-axis scrollable if needed\ncategoryAxis.renderer.inside = false;\ncategoryAxis.renderer.maxLabelPosition = 1;\ncategoryAxis.renderer.minLabelPosition = 0;\ncategoryAxis.start = 0; \ncategoryAxis.end = 1; \ncategoryAxis.keepSelection = true;\n\n\/\/ Create Y-axis (Percentage Axis)\nvar valueAxis = chart.yAxes.push(new am4charts.ValueAxis());\nvalueAxis.min = 0;\nvalueAxis.max = 100;  \/\/ Percentage-based max\nvalueAxis.strictMinMax = true;\nvalueAxis.numberFormatter = new am4core.NumberFormatter();\nvalueAxis.numberFormatter.numberFormat = \"#'%'\";\nvalueAxis.renderer.labels.template.fontSize = 12;\n\nvalueAxis.title.text = \"Symptom Prevalence (%)\"; \/\/ Add Y-axis label\n\n\/\/ Create column series\nvar series = chart.series.push(new am4charts.ColumnSeries());\nseries.dataFields.valueY = \"value\";\nseries.dataFields.categoryX = \"category\";\nseries.columns.template.tooltipText = \"{categoryX}: {valueY}%\";\nseries.columns.template.fillOpacity = 0.8;\n\n\/\/ Style columns\nvar columnTemplate = series.columns.template;\ncolumnTemplate.strokeWidth = 0;\ncolumnTemplate.cornerRadiusTopLeft = 5;\ncolumnTemplate.cornerRadiusTopRight = 5;\n\n\/\/ Add percentage labels above bars\nvar labelBullet = series.bullets.push(new am4charts.LabelBullet());\nlabelBullet.label.text = \"{valueY}%\";\nlabelBullet.label.dy = -10;\nlabelBullet.label.fontSize = 14;\nlabelBullet.label.fill = am4core.color(\"#000\");\n\n\/\/ Animate chart on load\nchart.hiddenState.properties.opacity = 0;\nseries.columns.template.hiddenState.properties.scaleY = 0.9;\nseries.columns.template.hiddenState.properties.opacity = 0;\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column fade-in-down-stagger graph-box is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Among the 262 malaria cases, 19 (7.3%) were co-infected with HIV, with the majority occurring in Kenya (12\/19)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column fade-in-down-stagger is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Co-morbid conditions in children who died from malaria (n=249)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<!-- Include amCharts libraries -->\n<script src=\"https:\/\/www.amcharts.com\/lib\/4\/charts.js\"><\/script>\n\n<!-- Create a div for the chart -->\n<div id=\"malaria-other\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 375px;\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n\/\/ Themes\nam4core.useTheme(am4themes_animated);\n\n\/\/ Create chart\nlet chartother = am4core.create(\"malaria-other\", am4charts.XYChart);\n\n\/\/ Set data\nchartother.data = [\n  { condition: \"Anemias\", deaths: 72 },\n  { condition: \"Lower respiratory infections\", deaths: 15 },\n  { condition: \"Sepsis\", deaths: 13 },\n  { condition: \"Other respiratory disease\", deaths: 8 },\n  { condition: \"Other endocrine, metabolic, blood, and immune disorders\", deaths: 8 },\n  { condition: \"Meningitis\/Encephalitis\", deaths: 3 },\n  { condition: \"Diarrheal Diseases\", deaths: 2 },\n  { condition: \"Other infections\", deaths: 1 }\n];\n\n\/\/ X axis (Category)\nlet categoryAxis2 = chartother.xAxes.push(new am4charts.CategoryAxis());\ncategoryAxis2.dataFields.category = \"condition\";\ncategoryAxis2.title.text = \"Co-Morbid Condition\";\ncategoryAxis2.renderer.labels.template.wrap = true;\ncategoryAxis2.renderer.labels.template.maxWidth = 120;\ncategoryAxis2.renderer.labels.template.rotation = 20;\n\n\/\/ Y axis (Value)\nlet valueAxis2 = chartother.yAxes.push(new am4charts.ValueAxis());\nvalueAxis2.title.text = \"Number of Deaths\";\n\n\/\/ Bar series\nlet series2 = chartother.series.push(new am4charts.ColumnSeries());\nseries2.dataFields.valueY = \"deaths\";\nseries2.dataFields.categoryX = \"condition\";\nseries2.name = \"Deaths\";\nseries2.columns.template.tooltipText = \"{categoryX}: [bold]{valueY}[\/]\";\nseries2.columns.template.fillOpacity = 0.8;\n\n\/\/ Optional styling\nlet columnTemplate2 = series.columns.template;\ncolumnTemplate2.strokeWidth = 2;\ncolumnTemplate2.strokeOpacity = 1;\n\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column fade-in-down-stagger graph-box margin-auto is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Treatments received by children who died from malaria<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"chartdivMalariaTreatment\"><\/div>\n\n<style>\n  #chartdivMalariaTreatment {\n    height: 300px;\n  }\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<script>\n  \/\/ Apply amCharts 4 theme\n  am4core.useTheme(am4themes_animated);\n\n  \/\/ Create chart instance\n  var chart = am4core.create(\"chartdivMalariaTreatment\", am4charts.XYChart);\n\n  \/\/ Define chart data\n  chart.data = [\n    { category: \"Antimalarial Drugs\", value: 164 },\n    { category: \"Antibiotics\", value: 168 },\n    { category: \"Both\", value: 146 }\n  ];\n\n  \/\/ Calculate total sum for percentage conversion\n  var total = chart.data.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.value, 0);\n  chart.data.forEach(item => (item.value = (item.value 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\"{categoryX}: {valueY.formatNumber('#.0')}%\";\n  series.columns.template.strokeWidth = 0;\n\n  \/\/ Assign colors\n  var colors = [\"#5DADE2\", \"#58D68D\", \"#F5B041\"];\n  series.columns.template.adapter.add(\"fill\", function(fill, target) {\n    return am4core.color(colors[series.dataItems.indexOf(target.dataItem)]);\n  });\n\n  \/\/ Enable cursor\n  chart.cursor = new am4charts.XYCursor();\n  chart.cursor.behavior = \"zoomXY\";\n\n  \/\/ Animate on load\n  series.appear(1000);\n  chart.appear(1000, 100);\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"accurate-tag\"><strong>World malaria Report<\/strong><em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-malaria-programme\/reports\/world-malaria-report-2023<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pad-5-no-top\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-block-column\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pad-5\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center center-flex\"><strong>Analysis of CHAMPS data published in 2024 showed the median age for deaths from malaria was 22 months, compared to 10 months for infant and child deaths from other causes<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column center-flex is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>59% of malaria deaths were in boys, and 1 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<li>\n\n        <p class=\"ref-tag\">Reference<\/p>\n      <div class=\"publication-body\">\n        <div class=\"publication-header\">\n          <h3 class=\"publication-heading\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.01.006\">\n              Burden of child mortality from malaria in high endemic areas: results from the CHAMPS Network using minimally invasive tissue sampling            <\/a>\n          <\/h3>\n          <div class=\"publication-details\">\n                          <div class=\"publication-author\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>Ikechukwu Ogbuanu, et al<\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-country\"><i class=\"fa fa-globe\"><\/i>Network-wide (all sites)<\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-journal\"><i class=\"fa fa-book\"><\/i>Journal of Infection <\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-calendar\"><\/i>2024<\/div>\n            \n                          <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalofinfection.com\/action\/showPdf?pii=S0163-4453%2824%2900025-2\"> Download<\/a><\/div>\n                      <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"citation-row\">\n         \n                      <div class=\"publication-citation\">\n              <p>Ogbuanu, I. U., Otieno, K., Varo, R., Sow, S. O., Ojulong, J., Duduyemi, B., Kowuor, D., Cain, C. J., Rogena, E. A., Onyango, D., Akelo, V., Tippett Barr, B. A., terKuile, F., Kotloff, K. L., Tapia, M. D., Keita, A. M., Juma, J., Assefa, N., Assegid, N., &#8230; Bassat, Q. (2024). Burden of child mortality from malaria in high endemic areas: Results from the CHAMPS network using minimally invasive tissue sampling. Journal of Infection, 88(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.01.006<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n                  <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"excerpt-row\">\n          <p class=\"publication-excerpt\">\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/li>\n    \n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n    \n\n    .publication-details {\n\n      font-size: 12px;\n    }\n.publication-year a {\n\n    color: black;\n    text-decoration: none;\n}\n    .publication-heading a {\n\n        color: black;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 18px;\n        display: block;\n    }\n\n    .publication-body:hover {\n    background-color: #fff;\n    border: none;\n    padding: 0px;\n    transform: all .2s ease;\n}\n\n.publication-details {\n\n    display: flex;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n}\n.citation-row p {\n\n    font-size: 12px;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pad-5-sides\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"case-examples row\" style=\"margin-bottom: 35px;\">\n    <div class=\"case-examples-left col-md-6\">\n        <h3> Case Examples <\/h3>\n                    <div id=\"resourceCarousel\" class=\"carousel slide\" data-bs-ride=\"carousel\" data-bs-interval=\"3255435\">\n                <div class=\"carousel-inner\">\n                                                <div class=\"carousel-item active\">\n                                <div class=\"case-example-cover\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/AdobeStock_80696320-scaled-1.jpg)\">\n                                    <div class=\"case-overlay\">\n                                      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center expand-icon\"><\/i>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <h5>A child who died of cerebral malaria complicated by a serious undiagnosed bacterial infection<\/h5>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"case-example-inner\">\n                                    <h5>A child who died of cerebral malaria complicated by a serious undiagnosed bacterial infection<\/h5>\n\n                                    <div class=\"example-inner row\">\n                                        <div class=\"col-md-6 example-left\">\n                                            \n<p>A&nbsp;three year old boy&nbsp;came to a health center after 3 days of fever, severe headache, vomiting and thirst.&nbsp; He was&nbsp;diagnosed with malaria&nbsp;and started on malaria treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, he&nbsp;kept getting worse&nbsp;over the next day. He was sent from the health center to a referral hospital. When he arrived at the hospital, he was unresponsive and could not be resuscitated.<\/p>\n\n                                            <div class=\"pathology-images\">\n                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cer-mal-1-1.png\" alt=\"Abundant malaria pigment (brown) in the liver\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Abundant malaria pigment (brown) in the liver\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cer-mal-2-1.png\" alt=\"Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites staining by immunohistochemistry in the liver\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites staining by immunohistochemistry in the liver\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cer-mal-3-1.png\" alt=\"Plasmodium falciparum staining by immunohistochemistry within red blood cells in small blood vessels in the brain\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Plasmodium falciparum staining by immunohistochemistry within red blood cells in small blood vessels in the brain\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cer-mal-4-1.png\" alt=\"Increased leukocytes within a blood vessel in the lung (arrow)\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Increased leukocytes within a blood vessel in the lung (arrow)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cer-mal-5-1.png\" alt=\"Malaria parasites within a red blood cell in the brain (arrow)\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Malaria parasites within a red blood cell in the brain (arrow)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/cer-mal-6-1.png\" alt=\"Clusters of Streptococcus bacteria seen in the lung by immunohistochemistry (arrows)\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Clusters of Streptococcus bacteria seen in the lung by immunohistochemistry (arrows)\">                                            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"col-md-6 example-right\">\n\n      <!-- wp:heading {\"textAlign\":\"left\",\"className\":\"w-65 margin-auto\"} -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left w-65 margin-auto\">Uncovering the Cause<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>CHAMPS laboratory tests&nbsp;<strong>confirmed the presence of&nbsp;<em>Plasmodium falciparum<\/em>&nbsp;malaria<\/strong>. The child\u2019s blood culture after death was positive for three different bacteria, including&nbsp;<em>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/em>. Tests of his blood and tissues also showed evidence of several organisms. In this case, pathologists examined the child\u2019s tissues and determined that&nbsp;<strong>the true cause of his serious bacterial infection was&nbsp;<em>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;in addition to confirming the diagnosis of malaria caused by&nbsp;<em>Plasmodium falciparum.<\/em><br><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"left\",\"className\":\"w-65 margin-auto\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left w-65 margin-auto\">CHAMPS confirmed that this young boy\u2019s cause of death was cerebral malaria along with a serious bacterial infection that complicated his course.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":2178,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/live-champs-new.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-3-2-1024x375.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-3-2-1024x375.png 1024w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-3-2-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-3-2-768x281.png 768w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-3-2-1536x562.png 1536w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-3-2.png 1902w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n                                            <div class=\"cause-public\"> \n\n      <!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Public Health Implications<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Malaria remains an important cause of child mortality for previously healthy children in much of the world. Efforts are ongoing to prevent children from getting malaria. When children do get malaria,<a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/malaria\/publications\/atoz\/who-severe-malaria-tmih-supplement-2014.pdf\">the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends<\/a>&nbsp;that those who have signs of severe malaria receive antibiotics for the possible complication of serious bacterial infection in addition to malaria medication. Children with severe malaria may also need faster transfer of their care to a referral facility if they are stable. This case shows the importance of rapid recognition of severe malaria so that appropriate care can be given.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->                                            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"carousel-item \">\n                                <div class=\"case-example-cover\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2021-0871-SLAA00579-LUNG-HE-arrow-2-1536x949-1.jpg)\">\n                                    <div class=\"case-overlay\">\n                                      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center expand-icon\"><\/i>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <h5>A severely malnourished child who died from overwhelming bacterial infection complicated by malaria and anemia<\/h5>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"case-example-inner\">\n                                    <h5>A severely malnourished child who died from overwhelming bacterial infection complicated by malaria and anemia<\/h5>\n\n                                    <div class=\"example-inner row\">\n                                        <div class=\"col-md-6 example-left\">\n                                            \n<p class=\"has-text-align-left w-65 margin-auto\">A&nbsp;one-year, eight-month-old female&nbsp;was referred to a regional hospital after two weeks of fever, cough, restlessness, loss of appetite, mouth ulcers, diarrhea, and skin rash. Four days prior, her parents had taken her to a small community health facility where she was treated with antibiotics and pain medication. The mother reported that&nbsp;the child was not brought immediately to the regional hospital because they did not have money for admission&nbsp;and she had hoped to see improvement from treatment received at the community facility. The mother also said she purchased tablets at a pharmacy before visiting the facility to treat the child but could not recall the name of the medication. Unfortunately, neither the community health facility treatment nor the tablets improved the child\u2019s symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Within the first few hours of hospital admission,&nbsp;the child tested positive for malaria&nbsp;via a Rapid Diagnostic Test. Hemoglobin testing indicated that she was&nbsp;anemic. She was subsequently treated for both conditions but ultimately succumbed to multiple contributing factors just 12 hours after hospital admission.<\/p>\n\n                                            <div class=\"pathology-images\">\n                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/malaria4-1.jpg\" alt=\"Lung showing acute aspiration (arrows) with interstitial pneumonitis\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Lung showing acute aspiration (arrows) with interstitial pneumonitis\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/malaria3-1.jpg\" alt=\"Lung showing intraalveolar microphages (arrow)\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Lung showing intraalveolar microphages (arrow)\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/malaria2-1.jpg\" alt=\"Acute aspiration with gram-negative bacterial rods\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Acute aspiration with gram-negative bacterial rods\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/malaria1-3.jpg\" alt=\"Immunostaining by using a select gram-negative bacterial immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay that detects K. pneumoniae\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Immunostaining by using a select gram-negative bacterial immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay that detects K. pneumoniae\">                                            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"col-md-6 example-right\">\n\n      <!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uncovering the Causes<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>CHAMPS laboratory tests revealed presence of a lung infection caused by&nbsp;<em><strong>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/em>This bacterium was also found in samples of the child\u2019s blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Liver specimens showed an accumulation of extra fat cells, which is often indicative of malnutrition. Severely malnourished children are at greater risk of infection which, when affecting organs like the lungs, can lead to death. This child\u2019s underlying&nbsp;<strong>malaria<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>anemia<\/strong>&nbsp;also further weakened her immune system and the ability to fight off bacterial infection.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The CHAMPS team confirmed&nbsp;<strong>severe malnutrition<\/strong>&nbsp;as the main underlying cause of death as supported by anthropometric measurements.&nbsp;<strong>Malaria<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong><em>K. pneumoniae&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>were found to be contributing causes of death in this case.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n                                            <div class=\"cause-public\"> \n\n      <!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Public Health Implications<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Malnutrition Screening<\/strong>: CHAMPS findings underscore the need for early identification and management of nutrition. There was likely a gap in this screening program, as the child was fully vaccinated but was not identified as malnourished at 6.5kg and 1 year 8 months old; the child should have been referred for treatment based on low weight measurements, and monitoring should be able to pick up any children who are missed. There are also free programs for nutrition to which this child could have been referred.<br>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Traditional Feeding Practices<\/strong>: Aspiration pneumonia is common in this low-income context because, when children are sick, their parents will often force-feed small children a mix of traditional herbs and a local cereal type food called&nbsp;<em>Pap<\/em>.&nbsp;CHAMPS provides education to healthcare workers and community members about the risks of force-feeding and sharing alternative ways to improve&nbsp;<em>Pap<\/em><strong><em>,&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>such as fortifying cereals with locally available nutrients. This kind of fortification is essential to help undernourished children to build strength.<br>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Malaria Prevention<\/strong>: Education about malaria is critical. This mother lived in a city and her child was fully vaccinated and visited health care facilities often. Nevertheless gaps in general knowledge about malaria and prevention often delay parents from seeking appropriate health care for their children. This could be mitigated by training nurses and patient navigators to provide helpful information about malaria while families are waiting in health care facilities, before and after seeking care. This is a low-cost intervention for an already captive audience.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/em><\/strong>:&nbsp;The presence of&nbsp;<strong><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;in several CHAMPS specimens raised alarm about a possible outbreak in this area. This informed a decontamination exercise in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) and involvement of infection prevention control teams, both at country-level and locally. CHAMPS supported the Ministry of Health efforts in a general supervised cleaning of the SCBU unit including disinfecting beds and equipment. Staff were also trained in proper handwashing techniques and glove usage. This message was relayed to all the other SCBUs at quarterly meetings to improve and sustain rigorous cleaning regimens. Random environmental samples were taken at these units that proved the effectiveness of the new infection prevention and control cleaning measures.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->                                            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <!-- Carousel controls -->\n                                      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center contract-icon\"><\/i>\n\n                <div class=\"carousel-controls\">\n                <button class=\"carousel-control-prev\" type=\"button\" data-bs-target=\"#resourceCarousel\" data-bs-slide=\"prev\">\n                    <span class=\"carousel-control-prev-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Previous<\/span>\n                <\/button>\n                <button class=\"carousel-control-next\" type=\"button\" data-bs-target=\"#resourceCarousel\" data-bs-slide=\"next\">\n                    <span class=\"carousel-control-next-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Next<\/span>\n                <\/button>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"case-studies-cause col-md-6\"> \n\n                                      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center contract-icon2\"><\/i>\n\n       <h3> Case Studies <\/h3>\n                 <div id=\"carouselExampleControls\" class=\"carousel slide\" data-bs-ride=\"carousel\" data-bs-interval=\"435254535\">\n  <div class=\"carousel-inner\">\n    \n\n    \n\n                      <div class=\"carousel-item active\"> \n\n     <div class=\"case-example-cover\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/kenya-partners@2x.jpg)\">\n                                    <div class=\"case-overlay\">\n                                      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center expand-icon2\"><\/i>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <h5>Improving maternal and child health outcomes in Kuoyo Health Centre, Kenya<\/h5>\n                                <\/div>\n<div class=\"case-study-inner\"> \n\n\n                                    <h5>Improving maternal and child health outcomes in Kuoyo Health Centre, Kenya<\/h5>\n\n                                    <div class=\"case-study-content row\">\n\n<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     \n<p class=\"has-text-align-left w-65 margin-auto\">To reduce child mortality, a systemic approach addressing infrastructural needs, knowledge\/skills acquisition and retention by health care workers, demand creation for good quality health care services, as well as provision of clinical supplies is crucial. Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Kenya has continually supported Kuoyo Health Center to realize a holistic approach to\u00a0preventing child mortality. From a humble beginning of one staff in a facility that was inadequately equipped to handle basic childhood illnesses like diarrhea and pneumonia, and hence recording high mortality rates, the center now has a staff complement of 18 and serves a population of over 10,000 with better outcomes for both mother and child. Some of the interventions implemented include trainings on established treatment protocols like the Integrated Management of Newborn and Child health illnesses (IMNCI) protocol alongside providing a\u00a0pediatric pulse oximeter to assist with implementation of IMCI. The electric water dispensers donated by CHAMPS for oral rehydration therapy (ORT) corners were instrumental in quickly addressing diarrhea cases \u2013 there were over 900 illnesses in such cases in 2018 (facility register). A nutritionist intern was also posted by CHAMPS to assist with malnutrition screening. Some of the lessons learnt include the importance of routine medical training and mentorship to. sustain achieved quality improvements. Health champions in each health facility are crucial in implementing and\u00a0sustaining the provision of good quality health care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"col-md-6 case-study-meta\">  \n\n<div class=\"case-study-share\"> \n\n<div class=\"share-tag\">Share<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"share-icons\"> \n\n\n<li><a href=\"\"><i class=\"fa fa-facebook\"> <\/i> <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\"><i class=\"fa fa-brands fa-x-twitter\"> <\/i> <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\"><i class=\"fa fa-linkedin\"> <\/i> <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"box-tag\"> PERMALINK <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"share-url\"> \n\nhttps:\/\/champshealth.org\/case_study\/improving-maternal-and-child-health-outcomes-in-kuoyo-health-centre-kenya\/\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kuoyo-Case-Study_VFinal-July2024-2.pdf\" class=\"case-download\"> Download <i class=\"fa fa-download\"> <\/i><\/a>\n\n<\/div>\n                                     <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n      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absolute;\n  bottom: 10%;\n  right: 10%;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  width: 75%;\n  text-align: right;\n}\n\n.carousel-item {\n\n  position: relative;\n}\n\n.case-overlay {\n\n  background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.4);\n  position: absolute;\n  top: 0;\n  left: 0;\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 100%;\n}\n\n\n.carousel-control-next, .carousel-control-prev {\n\n  height: 50px;\n  top: 45%;\n}\n\n.example-left p {\n\n  width: 100%;\n  font-size: 16px;\n}\n\n.example-right, .example-left {\n\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n\n.case-examples {\n\n  background-color: white;\n  padding: 20px;\n  border: 1px solid #5E5D5B;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<script>\n\n        (function($) {\n\n\n\n\n        })(jQuery);\n\n  <\/script><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pad-5-sides\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Results from Our Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pad-5-sides is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><br><strong>Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling in Adult Populations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Emory-Adult-MITS-protocol-v1.01-CLEAN68-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">View Protocol<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><br><strong>Leveraging CHAMPS Infrastructure to Addressthe Role of Malaria in Adult Mortality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Malaria-Slides-1.pptx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">View Presentation<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-block-column w-65 margin-auto\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><br><strong>View CHAMPS summarized child mortality data, updated in real time, and request access to our datasets.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/champs-dashboards\/\">View Live Data<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BACKGROUND Malaria Malaria is an infectious disease causes by one of 5 species of the Plasmodium parasite; most deaths from malaria are caused by Plasmodium falciparum.&nbsp; People become infected when they are bitten by Anopheles mosquitos that carry the parasite. Malaria symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and fatigue.&nbsp; Severe cases can have loss of consciousness, [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/cause_death\/malaria\/\">Read More&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> from Malaria<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-939","cause_death","type-cause_death","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cause_death\/939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cause_death"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/cause_death"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":100,"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cause_death\/939\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4822,"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cause_death\/939\/revisions\/4822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}