{"id":943,"date":"2024-10-01T09:49:33","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T09:49:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/champs-new.lndo.site\/?post_type=cause_death&#038;p=943"},"modified":"2025-11-18T14:15:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T14:15:44","slug":"malnutrition","status":"publish","type":"cause_death","link":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/cause_death\/malnutrition\/","title":{"rendered":"Malnutrition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull page-header-standard fade-in-down-scroll\" style=\"min-height:320px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1906\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1155\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/live-champs-new.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/annie-spratt-427337-unsplash.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/annie-spratt-427337-unsplash.jpg 2400w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/annie-spratt-427337-unsplash-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/annie-spratt-427337-unsplash-1024x813.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/annie-spratt-427337-unsplash-768x610.jpg 768w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/annie-spratt-427337-unsplash-1536x1220.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/annie-spratt-427337-unsplash-2048x1626.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-black-background-color has-background-dim-70 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pad-5 fade-in-down-scroll pad-top-2\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bc4959e844e9a8b04c9901063412bc12\" style=\"color:#4c9c2e\">BACKGROUND<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading text-center\">Malnutrition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center w-85 margin-auto\">Malnutrition is a complex health condition that occurs when the body does not receive the right balance of nutrients. It can result from a <strong>deficiency<\/strong>, due to insufficient intake of essential vitamins, minerals, and calories, or from an <strong>excess<\/strong>, where there is overconsumption of calories or specific nutrients. This imbalance can lead to various health issues, including stunted growth, wasting, micronutrient deficiencies, and even obesity. Malnutrition remains a major global health challenge, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, particularly women and children in Africa and Asia. Despite progress in recent decades, the world is not on track to meet global targets for reducing malnutrition. This underscores the critical importance of measuring nutrition in all its forms to guide evidence-based policies, design effective interventions, and monitor progress. Robust measurement enables timely identification of at-risk populations and helps ensure coordinated efforts to improve nutrition and promote long-term health and well-being worldwide.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group fade-in-up\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-relative\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light cover-top-align fade-in-down-scroll wp-duotone-grayscale\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-151\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/champs-new.lndo.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-scaled.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/shutterstock_1180451362-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-80 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#93d500\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignfull has-text-align-center\">Quick Facts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center w-65 margin-auto\">Malnutrition remains a critical challenge, with millions of children suffering from severe wasting, stunting, and overweight. CHAMPS is addressing this huge burden in Africa and Asia by implementing innovative, data-driven strategies to improve nutrition in vulnerable communities, saving lives and creating a healthier future for children.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group impact-grid is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4d858cb8 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<div  class=\"impact-counter fade-in-down-stagger\"> \n\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Under-5-01-1.png\" \n             alt=\"Impact Counter\" \n             loading=\"lazy\"\/>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-number-wrapper\">\n            <span class=\"impact-number\" data-count=\"750\">0<\/span>\n            <span class=\"impact-text\">m+<\/span>\n        <\/p>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-description\">people worldwide are undernourished.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n<script>\n\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"impact-counter fade-in-down-stagger\"> \n\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Under-5-01-1.png\" \n             alt=\"Impact Counter\" \n             loading=\"lazy\"\/>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-number-wrapper\">\n            <span class=\"impact-number\" data-count=\"150\">0<\/span>\n            <span class=\"impact-text\">m+<\/span>\n        <\/p>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-description\">children under 5 affected by stunting<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n<script>\n\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"impact-counter fade-in-down-stagger\"> \n\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Under-5-01-1.png\" \n             alt=\"Impact Counter\" \n             loading=\"lazy\"\/>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-number-wrapper\">\n            <span class=\"impact-number\" data-count=\"50\">0<\/span>\n            <span class=\"impact-text\">%<\/span>\n        <\/p>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-description\">Malnutrition is the underlying cause of nearly half of deaths in children under five.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n<script>\n\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div  class=\"impact-counter fade-in-down-stagger\"> \n\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Under-5-01-1.png\" \n             alt=\"Impact Counter\" \n             loading=\"lazy\"\/>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-number-wrapper\">\n            <span class=\"impact-number\" data-count=\"3\">0<\/span>\n            <span class=\"impact-text\">.5 trillion ($)<\/span>\n        <\/p>\n    \n            <p class=\"impact-description\">The global cost of malnutrition is estimated to be up to $3.5 trillion per year.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n<script>\n\n<\/script>\n\n<style>\n\n<\/style>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"dot-spiral\"> <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-3f9b7dfe6ddcae04ca8f96b8d8e818dc\" style=\"color:#4c9c2e\">STUDY SITES<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n    <title>amCharts Map &#8211; Optimized Timing<\/title>\n    <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/4\/core.js\"><\/script>\n    <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/4\/maps.js\"><\/script>\n    <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/4\/geodata\/worldLow.js\"><\/script>\n    <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/4\/themes\/animated.js\"><\/script>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n    <div id=\"chartdiv-mal\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;  transition: opacity 1s;\"><\/div>\n    <script>\n        am4core.ready(function () {\n            am4core.useTheme(am4themes_animated);\n\n            \/\/ Create map chart\n            var chart = am4core.create(\"chartdiv-mal\", am4maps.MapChart);\n            chart.geodata = am4geodata_worldLow;\n            chart.projection = new am4maps.projections.Miller();\n            chart.homeGeoPoint = { latitude: 0, longitude: 30 };\n            chart.homeZoomLevel = 1;\n          \/\/ Disable all mouse-based interactions (pan\/zoom)\nchart.seriesContainer.draggable = false;\nchart.seriesContainer.resizable = false;\nchart.chartContainer.wheelable = false;   \/\/ disable mouse wheel zoom\nchart.maxZoomLevel = 1;                   \/\/ prevent zooming in\nchart.minZoomLevel = 1;                   \/\/ prevent zooming out\nchart.chartContainer.events.disableType(\"doublehit\"); \/\/ disable double-click zoom\nchart.chartContainer.events.disableType(\"hit\");       \/\/ disable click zoom\n\n            \/\/ Create polygon series for countries\n            var polygonSeries = chart.series.push(new am4maps.MapPolygonSeries());\n            polygonSeries.useGeodata = true;\n            polygonSeries.include = [\n                \"DZ\", \"EG\", \"LY\", \"MA\", \"SD\", \"TN\", \"AO\", \"BJ\", \"BW\", \"BF\", \"BI\", \"CM\", \"CV\", \"CF\", \"TD\",\n                \"KM\", \"CG\", \"CD\", \"DJ\", \"GQ\", \"ER\", \"SZ\", \"ET\", \"GA\", \"GM\", \"GH\", \"GN\", \"GW\", \"CI\", \"KE\",\n                \"LS\", \"LR\", \"MG\", \"MW\", \"ML\", \"MR\", \"MU\", \"MZ\", \"NA\", \"NE\", \"NG\", \"RW\", \"ST\", \"SN\", \"SC\",\n                \"SL\", \"SO\", \"ZA\", \"SS\", \"TZ\", \"TG\", \"UG\", \"ZM\", \"ZW\", \"AF\", \"IR\", \"IQ\", \"IL\", \"JO\", \"KW\",\n                \"LB\", \"OM\", \"PS\", \"QA\", \"SA\", \"SY\", \"AE\", \"YE\", \"BD\", \"BT\", \"IN\", \"MV\", \"NP\", \"PK\", \"LK\"\n            ];\n\n            \/\/ Highlighted countries\n            var highlightedCountries = [\n                { id: \"KE\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") },\n                { id: \"ZA\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") },\n                { id: \"MZ\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") },\n                { id: \"SL\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") },\n                { id: \"ML\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") },\n                { id: \"PK\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") },\n                { id: \"BD\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") },\n                { id: \"ET\", fill: am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\") }\n            ];\n\n            polygonSeries.data = highlightedCountries;\n            polygonSeries.mapPolygons.template.propertyFields.fill = \"fill\";\n\n            \/\/ Configure labels\n            var imageSeries = chart.series.push(new am4maps.MapImageSeries());\n            imageSeries.mapImages.template.propertyFields.latitude = \"latitude\";\n            imageSeries.mapImages.template.propertyFields.longitude = \"longitude\";\n            imageSeries.mapImages.template.nonScaling = true;\n\n            var labelTemplate = imageSeries.mapImages.template.createChild(am4core.Label);\n            labelTemplate.text = \"{label}\";\n            labelTemplate.horizontalCenter = \"left\";\n            labelTemplate.verticalCenter = \"middle\";\n            labelTemplate.fontSize = 12;\n            labelTemplate.background.fill = am4core.color(\"#fff\");\n            labelTemplate.background.fillOpacity = 0.7;\n            labelTemplate.background.stroke = am4core.color(\"#000\");\n            labelTemplate.padding(5, 10, 5, 10);\n            labelTemplate.opacity = 0;\n\n          imageSeries.data = [\n                { latitude: 32.639232, longitude: -8.002889, label: \"Mali\\nBamako\", targetLatitude: 10, targetLongitude: -8 },\n                { latitude: -9.460555, longitude: -13.261111, label: \"Sierra Leone\", targetLatitude: 9, targetLongitude: -13.5 },\n                { latitude: -1.286389, longitude: 46.817223, label: \"Kenya\\nKisumu\", targetLatitude: -1.286389, targetLongitude: 36.817223 },\n                { latitude: -30.559482, longitude: 22.937506, label: \"South Africa\\nSoweto\", targetLatitude: -30.559482, targetLongitude: 22.937506 },\n                { latitude: -18.665695, longitude: 45.529562, label: \"Mozambique\\nManhi\u00e7a | Quelimane\", targetLatitude: -18.665695, targetLongitude: 35.529562 },\n                { latitude: 30.860735, longitude: 67.001137, label: \"Pakistan\\nKarachi\", targetLatitude: 24.860735, targetLongitude: 67.001137 },\n                { latitude: 14.685, longitude: 90.3563, label: \"Bangladesh\\nBaliakandi\", targetLatitude: 23.685, targetLongitude: 90.3563 },\n                { latitude: 9.145, longitude: 55.489673, label: \"Ethiopia\\nHarar | Kersa\", targetLatitude: 9.145, targetLongitude: 40.489673 }\n            ];\n\n            \/\/ Line series\n            var lineSeries = chart.series.push(new am4maps.MapLineSeries());\n            lineSeries.mapLines.template.strokeWidth = 2;\n            lineSeries.mapLines.template.stroke = am4core.color(\"#4c9c2e\");\n            lineSeries.mapLines.template.nonScalingStroke = true;\n            lineSeries.mapLines.template.opacity = 0; \/\/ Initially hidden\n\n            function startAnimations() {\n                \/\/ Animate only highlighted countries\n                polygonSeries.mapPolygons.each((polygon, index) => {\n                    if (highlightedCountries.some(c => c.id === polygon.dataItem.dataContext.id)) {\n                        setTimeout(() => {\n                            console.log(`Animating highlighted country: ${polygon.dataItem.dataContext.id}`);\n                            polygon.animate({ property: \"opacity\", to: 1 }, 500);\n                        }, index * 200);\n                    }\n                });\n\n                \/\/ Animate lines and labels for highlighted countries\n                imageSeries.data.forEach((dataItem, index) => {\n                    setTimeout(() => {\n                        const line = lineSeries.mapLines.create();\n                        line.multiGeoLine = [\n                            [\n                                { latitude: dataItem.latitude, longitude: dataItem.longitude },\n                                { latitude: dataItem.targetLatitude, longitude: dataItem.targetLongitude }\n                            ]\n                        ];\n                        console.log(`Animating line for: ${dataItem.label}`);\n                        line.animate({ property: \"opacity\", to: 1 }, 1000);\n\n                        const label = imageSeries.mapImages.getIndex(index).children.getIndex(0);\n                        setTimeout(() => {\n                            console.log(`Animating label for: ${dataItem.label}`);\n                            label.animate({ property: \"opacity\", to: 1 }, 500);\n                        }, 500);\n                    }, index * 500);\n                });\n            }\n\n            const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries => {\n                if (entries[0].isIntersecting) {\n                    document.getElementById(\"chartdiv-mal\").style.opacity = 1; \/\/ Fade in the chart\n                    startAnimations(); \/\/ Trigger animations\n                    observer.disconnect();\n                }\n            }, { threshold: 0.5 });\n\n            observer.observe(document.getElementById(\"chartdiv-mal\"));\n        });\n    <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n    \n#chartdiv {\n\n    pointer-events: none;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n  \n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group pad-5 has-white-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-22d514682e1959f149ac5ed2fa6a6c9a\" style=\"color:#4c9c2e\">METHODS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How CHAMPS measures malnutrition<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column full-w-data is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n\n\n<div class=\"method-block-2\"> \n<span class=\"title-row\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CHAMPS-Icons__Anthropometry.png\" \/>\n\n<h3> Postmortem anthropometry<\/h3><\/span>\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<hr>\n\n<\/div>\n<style>\n\n.method-block-2 {\n\n\tpadding: 20px;\n\n}\n\n.mits-text {\n\n\tmargin-bottom: 20px;\n\tfont-size: 16px!important;\n}\n\n\n.method-block-2 p {\n\n\tfont-size: 14px;\n}\n\n.method-block-2 h3 {\n\n\tfont-size: 18px;\n}\n.item-title {\n\n\tfont-size: 15px!important;\n}\n.method-block-2 img {\n\nwidth: 50px;\nmargin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n.title-row {\n\ndisplay: flex;\nalign-items: center;\n}\n\n.title-row img {\n\n\tmargin-right: 20px;\n\twidth: 60px;\n}\n\n.custom-repeater-block {\n\n\tpadding-left: 90px;\n\tpadding-top: 0px;\n\n}\n\n.repeater-item img {\n\n\twidth: 50px;\n\tmax-width: unset;\n\tmargin-right: 15px;\n}\n\n.repeater-item {\n\n\tdisplay: flex;\n\n}.image-fade-right img {\n    position: relative;\n    display: inline-block;\n    mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);\n    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);\n}\n\n\n\t<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"method-block-2\"> \n<span class=\"title-row\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CHAMPS-Icons__anemia-screening.png\" \/>\n\n<h3> Postmortem hemoglobin<\/h3><\/span>\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<hr>\n\n<\/div>\n<style>\n\n.method-block-2 {\n\n\tpadding: 20px;\n\n}\n\n.mits-text {\n\n\tmargin-bottom: 20px;\n\tfont-size: 16px!important;\n}\n\n\n.method-block-2 p {\n\n\tfont-size: 14px;\n}\n\n.method-block-2 h3 {\n\n\tfont-size: 18px;\n}\n.item-title {\n\n\tfont-size: 15px!important;\n}\n.method-block-2 img {\n\nwidth: 50px;\nmargin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n.title-row {\n\ndisplay: flex;\nalign-items: center;\n}\n\n.title-row img {\n\n\tmargin-right: 20px;\n\twidth: 60px;\n}\n\n.custom-repeater-block {\n\n\tpadding-left: 90px;\n\tpadding-top: 0px;\n\n}\n\n.repeater-item img {\n\n\twidth: 50px;\n\tmax-width: unset;\n\tmargin-right: 15px;\n}\n\n.repeater-item {\n\n\tdisplay: flex;\n\n}.image-fade-right img {\n    position: relative;\n    display: inline-block;\n    mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);\n    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);\n}\n\n\n\t<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"method-block-2\"> \n<span class=\"title-row\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CHAMPS-Icons__Liver-test.png\" \/>\n\n<h3> Micronutrient biomarker testing of liver and serum to measure:<\/h3><\/span>\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n    <div class=\"custom-repeater-block row\">\n    \t                   \t<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"repeater-item\">\n      <div class=\"\">                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/abdomen.png\" alt=\"\">\n                            <\/div>\n                <div class=\"\">                                    <h3 class=\"item-title\">Liver Vitamin A<\/h3>\n                                                \n                                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                   \t<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"repeater-item\">\n      <div class=\"\">                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/abdomen.png\" alt=\"\">\n                            <\/div>\n                <div class=\"\">                                    <h3 class=\"item-title\">Liver iron\/zinc<\/h3>\n                                                \n                                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                   \t<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"repeater-item\">\n      <div class=\"\">                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/abdomen.png\" alt=\"\">\n                            <\/div>\n                <div class=\"\">                                    <h3 class=\"item-title\">Inlammation<\/h3>\n                                                \n                                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                   \t<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"repeater-item\">\n      <div class=\"\">                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CHAMPS-Icons_Histopathology-evaluation.png\" alt=\"\">\n                            <\/div>\n                <div class=\"\">                                    <h3 class=\"item-title\">Serum vitamin A<\/h3>\n                                                \n                                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                   \t<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"repeater-item\">\n      <div class=\"\">                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CHAMPS-Icons_Histopathology-evaluation.png\" alt=\"\">\n                            <\/div>\n                <div class=\"\">                                    <h3 class=\"item-title\">Serum B12<\/h3>\n                                                \n                                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                   \t<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"repeater-item\">\n      <div class=\"\">                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/blood.png\" alt=\"\">\n                            <\/div>\n                <div class=\"\">                                    <h3 class=\"item-title\">Serum folate<\/h3>\n                                                \n                                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n                   \t<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n<div class=\"repeater-item\">\n      <div class=\"\">                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/blood.png\" alt=\"\">\n                            <\/div>\n                <div class=\"\">                                    <h3 class=\"item-title\">Serum iron<\/h3>\n                                                \n                                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n        \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<hr>\n\n<\/div>\n<style>\n\n.method-block-2 {\n\n\tpadding: 20px;\n\n}\n\n.mits-text {\n\n\tmargin-bottom: 20px;\n\tfont-size: 16px!important;\n}\n\n\n.method-block-2 p {\n\n\tfont-size: 14px;\n}\n\n.method-block-2 h3 {\n\n\tfont-size: 18px;\n}\n.item-title {\n\n\tfont-size: 15px!important;\n}\n.method-block-2 img {\n\nwidth: 50px;\nmargin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n.title-row {\n\ndisplay: flex;\nalign-items: center;\n}\n\n.title-row img {\n\n\tmargin-right: 20px;\n\twidth: 60px;\n}\n\n.custom-repeater-block {\n\n\tpadding-left: 90px;\n\tpadding-top: 0px;\n\n}\n\n.repeater-item img {\n\n\twidth: 50px;\n\tmax-width: unset;\n\tmargin-right: 15px;\n}\n\n.repeater-item {\n\n\tdisplay: flex;\n\n}.image-fade-right img {\n    position: relative;\n    display: inline-block;\n    mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);\n    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);\n}\n\n\n\t<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"method-block-2\"> \n<span class=\"title-row\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CHAMPS-Icons__Pregnancy-Surveillance.png\" \/>\n\n<h3> Pregnancy Surveillance<\/h3><\/span>\n\n\n<div class=\"row\">\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<hr>\n\n<\/div>\n<style>\n\n.method-block-2 {\n\n\tpadding: 20px;\n\n}\n\n.mits-text {\n\n\tmargin-bottom: 20px;\n\tfont-size: 16px!important;\n}\n\n\n.method-block-2 p {\n\n\tfont-size: 14px;\n}\n\n.method-block-2 h3 {\n\n\tfont-size: 18px;\n}\n.item-title {\n\n\tfont-size: 15px!important;\n}\n.method-block-2 img {\n\nwidth: 50px;\nmargin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n.title-row {\n\ndisplay: flex;\nalign-items: center;\n}\n\n.title-row img {\n\n\tmargin-right: 20px;\n\twidth: 60px;\n}\n\n.custom-repeater-block {\n\n\tpadding-left: 90px;\n\tpadding-top: 0px;\n\n}\n\n.repeater-item img {\n\n\twidth: 50px;\n\tmax-width: unset;\n\tmargin-right: 15px;\n}\n\n.repeater-item {\n\n\tdisplay: flex;\n\n}.image-fade-right img {\n    position: relative;\n    display: inline-block;\n    mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);\n    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);\n}\n\n\n\t<\/style>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group person-list-heading has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"152\" height=\"152\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CHAMPS-Icons_Data-Collection.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4730\" style=\"width:50px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CHAMPS-Icons_Data-Collection.png 152w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/CHAMPS-Icons_Data-Collection-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 152px) 100vw, 152px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Recent Data<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n  <h4 class =\"tablehead\">\n    Malnutrition based on postmortem anthropometry in infant and child deaths (1\u201359 months) across the network\n  <\/h4>\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th scope=\"col\" style=\"background: transparent;\"><\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">Total<\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">BD<small>(n=2922)<\/small><\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">ET<small>(n=3363)<\/small><\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">KE<small>(n=1733)<\/small><\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">ML<small>(n=1802)<\/small><\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">MZ<small>(n=2838)<\/small><\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">NG-B<small>(n=46)<\/small><\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">NG-CR<small>(n=254)<\/small><\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">PK<small>(n=668)<\/small><\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">SL<small>(n=1826)<\/small><\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">ZA<small>(n=1743)<\/small><\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <th scope=\"row\">Underweight<\/th>\n      <td>6093<\/td>\n      <td>932<\/td>\n      <td>1039<\/td>\n      <td>851<\/td>\n      <td>470<\/td>\n      <td>845<\/td>\n      <td>17<\/td>\n      <td>96<\/td>\n      <td>95<\/td>\n      <td>702<\/td>\n      <td>1046<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th scope=\"row\">Stunting<\/th>\n      <td>5095<\/td>\n      <td>784<\/td>\n      <td>928<\/td>\n      <td>597<\/td>\n      <td>384<\/td>\n      <td>934<\/td>\n      <td>19<\/td>\n      <td>69<\/td>\n      <td>90<\/td>\n      <td>466<\/td>\n      <td>824<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th scope=\"row\">Wasting<\/th>\n      <td>2971<\/td>\n      <td>293<\/td>\n      <td>394<\/td>\n      <td>639<\/td>\n      <td>245<\/td>\n      <td>294<\/td>\n      <td>4<\/td>\n      <td>68<\/td>\n      <td>42<\/td>\n      <td>560<\/td>\n      <td>431<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th scope=\"row\">Any malnutrition<\/th>\n      <td>7602<\/td>\n      <td>1048<\/td>\n      <td>1264<\/td>\n      <td>1082<\/td>\n      <td>576<\/td>\n      <td>1172<\/td>\n      <td>22<\/td>\n      <td>133<\/td>\n      <td>120<\/td>\n      <td>906<\/td>\n      <td>1278<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n  <h4 class =\"tablehead\" style=\"margin-top: 50px; display: block;\">\n    Malnutrition (based on postmortem anthropometry) contributes to XX% of under-5 deaths\n  <\/h4>\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">Total<\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">BD<\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">ET<\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">KE<\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">NG-B<\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">NG-CR<\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">ML<\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">MZ<\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">SL<\/th>\n      <th scope=\"col\">ZA<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <th scope=\"row\">\n        Stillbirth\/Death\n        in first 24 hours\n        <small>(n=5123)<\/small>\n      <\/th>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th scope=\"row\">\n        Neonates\n        <small>(n=2311)<\/small>\n      <\/th>\n      <td>12<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>4<\/td>\n      <td>1<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>2<\/td>\n      <td>4<\/td>\n      <td>1<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th scope=\"row\">\n        Infant\/Child\n        <small>(n=2421)<\/small>\n      <\/th>\n      <td>606<\/td>\n      <td>6<\/td>\n      <td>124<\/td>\n      <td>169<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>2<\/td>\n      <td>56<\/td>\n      <td>56<\/td>\n      <td>150<\/td>\n      <td>30<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <th scope=\"row\">\n        Total\n        <small>(n=9855)<\/small>\n      <\/th>\n      <td>618<\/td>\n      <td>6<\/td>\n      <td>128<\/td>\n      <td>170<\/td>\n      <td>0<\/td>\n      <td>2<\/td>\n      <td>58<\/td>\n      <td>60<\/td>\n      <td>151<\/td>\n      <td>30<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n  \n\n<style> \n\ntable {\n\n\tmargin: 0 auto!important;\n\twidth: 90%;\n}\nth {\n\n\tpadding: 8px;\n\tfont-weight: 900;\n\tfont-size: 14px;\n\tbackground: #4c9c2e;\n\tcolor: white;text-align: center;\n  width: 20px;\n}\n\nth span {\n\n\ttext-align: center;\n}\n\ntd:not(:first-child) {\n\n\ttext-align: center;\n}\n\ntd {\n\n\tpadding: 8px;\n\tfont-size: 14px;\n\tfont-weight: 600;\n}\n\ntr:nth-child(even) {\n\n\tbackground: #dddddd;\n\n\n}\n\n\n.endemic {\n\n\tbackground-color: #f4436c;\n\n}\n\n.kenya-header {\n\n\tborder-top:  2px solid black;\n\tborder-left:  2px solid black;\n}\n\n\n.ml-header {\n\tborder-top:  2px solid black;\n\n}\n.mz-header {\n\n\tborder-top:  2px solid black;\n\tborder-left:  2px solid black;\n\tborder-right:  2px solid black;\n}\n.sl-header {\n\n\tborder-top:  2px solid black;\n\t\n\tborder-right:  2px solid black;\n}\n.sides {\n\tborder-left:  2px solid black;\n\tborder-right:  2px solid black;\n\n}\n\n.bottom {\n\n\tborder-bottom: 2px solid black;\n}\n\n.right {\n\n\tborder-right: 2px solid black;\n}\n\n.left {\n\n\tborder-left: 2px solid black;\n}\n\n.tablehead \n\n{\n\n\n  margin: 25px 0  35px 5%;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<!-- Font Awesome for expand icon -->\n<link\n  rel=\"stylesheet\"\n  href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/font-awesome\/6.5.2\/css\/all.min.css\"\n\/>\n\n<!-- amCharts 5 (load once) -->\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/5\/index.js\"><\/script>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/5\/xy.js\"><\/script>\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.amcharts.com\/lib\/5\/themes\/Animated.js\"><\/script>\n\n<style>\n\n\n.chartlabel {\n\n  margin-bottom: 3px;\n  display: block;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: black;\n}\n\n\n.figurelabel {\n\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\n  display: block;\n  font-weight: 400;\n  color: #5e5d5b;\n}\n.vitalabel  \n\n\n{\n\n  text-align: center;\n}\n\n\n  \/* Shared host style for charts 1\u20134 *\/\n  .chartHost {\n    width: 100%;\n    max-width: 1100px;\n    height: 520px;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n  }\n\n  @media (max-width: 800px) {\n    .chartHost {\n      height: 720px;\n    }\n  }\n\n  \/* Shared legend style: always under chart *\/\n  .chartLegend {\n    width: 100%;\n    max-width: 1100px;\n    margin: 10px auto 40px auto;\n    display: flex;\n    justify-content: center;\n    gap: 25px;\n    font-size: 15px;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n  }\n\n  .chartLegend .item {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 6px;\n  }\n\n  .chartLegend .box {\n    width: 16px;\n    height: 16px;\n    border-radius: 3px;\n  }\n\n  \/* Grid wrapper for the first 4 charts *\/\n  .chartGrid {\n    max-width: 2300px;\n    margin: 0 auto 40px auto;\n    display: flex;\n    flex-direction: column;\n    gap: 40px;\n  }\n\n  .chartCell {\n    width: 100%;\n    position: relative; \/* for expand icon *\/\n    transition:\n      flex-basis 0.35s ease,\n      max-width 0.35s ease,\n      transform 0.25s ease;\n  }\n\n  \/* Expand button (only visible >=1600px) *\/\n  .chartExpand {\n    position: absolute;\n    top: 8px;\n    right: 12px;\n    border: none;\n    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);\n    border-radius: 50%;\n    width: 32px;\n    height: 32px;\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    justify-content: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n    color: #555;\n    opacity: 0.75;\n    transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;\n    z-index: 20;\n    display: none;\n  }\n\n  .chartExpand:hover {\n    opacity: 1;\n    transform: scale(1.05);\n  }\n\n  #anemiaLegend {\n\n    position: absolute;\n    bottom: 5%;\n  }\n\n  \/* Hide expand buttons on small screens *\/\n  @media (max-width: 1599px) {\n    .chartExpand {\n      display: none;\n    }\n  }\n\n  \/* 2\u00d72 layout when viewport \u2265 1600px (flexbox + wrap) *\/\n  @media (min-width: 1600px) {\n    .chartGrid {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      gap: 40px;\n      flex-direction: row; \/* important for 2x2 *\/\n    }\n\n    .chartCell {\n      flex: 0 0 calc(50% - 20px); \/* two per row, with gap *\/\n      max-width: calc(50% - 20px);\n    }\n\n    .chartCell .chartHost,\n    .chartCell .chartLegend {\n      max-width: 100%;\n    }\n\n    \/* Expanded chart goes full-width with smooth transition *\/\n    .chartCell.expanded {\n      flex-basis: 100%;\n      max-width: 100%;\n    }\n  }\n\n.drilldown-click {\n  animation: moveUpDown 1.5s ease-in-out infinite;\n  width: 30px;\n  height: 30px;\n}\n\n@keyframes moveUpDown {\n  0%, 100% {\n    transform: translateY(0);\n  }\n  50% {\n    transform: translateY(-10px); \/* Adjust this value for more or less movement *\/\n  }\n}\n\n.chart-instruction img {\n\n  width: 25px;\n}\n\n.chart-instruction {\n\n  font-family: Lato;\n  font-size: 15px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  position: absolute;\n  top: 5%;\n  right: 5%;\n}\n\n.publication-year a {\n\n    color: black;\n    text-decoration: none;\n}\n    .publication-heading a {\n\n        color: black;\n        font-size: 14px;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        line-height: 18px;\n        display: block;\n    }\n\n    .publication-body:hover {\n    background-color: #fff;\n    border: none;\n    padding: 0px;\n    transform: all .2s ease;\n}\n\n.publication-details {\n\n    display: flex;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n    gap: 30px;\n}\n.publication-citation {\nfont-size: 12px;\ncolor: #5e5d5b!important;\n}\n\n.publication-details i {\n\n  margin-right: 5px;\n}\n\nli {\n\n  list-style: none;\n}\n\n\n.citation-row p {\n\n    font-size: 12px;\n}\n    .publication-details {\n\n      font-size: 12px;\n    }\n\n<\/style>\n\n<!-- GRID: first 4 charts (2x2 above 1600px) -->\n<div class=\"chartGrid\">\n\n\n\n   <div class=\"chartCell sep-section\">\n    <p class=\"figurelabel\"> <strong>Figure.<\/strong> Burden of anemia and severe anemia in deaths 0-59 months<\/p>\n    <button class=\"chartExpand\" aria-label=\"Expand chart\">\n      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center\"><\/i>\n    <\/button>\n    <div id=\"anemiaWrap5\" class=\"chartHost\"><\/div><p class=\"chartlabel vitalabel\">Indicator<\/p>\n    <div id=\"anemiaWrap5Legend\" class=\"chartLegend\">ssssss<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <!-- 1) ANEMIA CHART (Trimester) -->\n \n\n  <!-- 2) VITAMIN A CHART -->\n  <div class=\"chartCell sep-section\">\n\n<p class=\"figurelabel\"><strong>Figure.<\/strong> Widespread vitamin A deficiency based on gold-standard liver retinol with concerns of age-specific vitamin A excess or toxicity in certain countries (n=320) (Deficient \u22640.1 \u03bcmol\/g, Adequate &gt;0.1 to &lt;0.7 \u03bcmol\/g, High \u00a0\u22650.7 to &lt;1.0, hypervitaminosis \u00a0\u22651.0) (preliminary results). Similar results published in Gupta et al., 2024. <\/p>\n    <button class=\"chartExpand\" aria-label=\"Expand chart\">\n      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center\"><\/i>\n    <\/button>\n    <div id=\"vitAHost\" class=\"chartHost\"><\/div>\n    <div id=\"vitALegend\" class=\"chartLegend\"><\/div>\n\n     <li>\n\n        <p class=\"ref-tag\">Reference<\/p>\n      <div class=\"publication-body\">\n        <div class=\"publication-header\">\n          <h3 class=\"publication-heading\">\n            <a href=\"\">\nHepatic Vitamin A Concentrations and Association with Infectious Causes of Child Death\n            <\/a>\n          <\/h3>\n          <div class=\"publication-details\">\n              <div class=\"publication-author\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>Priya Mehta-Gupta Das<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-country\"><i class=\"fa fa-globe\"><\/i>Network-wide (all sites)<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-journal\"><i class=\"fa fa-book\"><\/i>The Journal of Pediatrics<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-calendar\"><\/i>2024<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpeds.com\/action\/showPdf?pii=S0022-3476%2823%2900680-7\"> Download<\/a><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"citation-row\">\n         \n            <div class=\"publication-citation\">\n         Gupta, P. M., Madewell, Z. J., Gannon, B. M., Grahn, M., Akelo, V., Onyango, D., Mahtab, S., Madhi, S. A., Giri, J., Blau, D. M., Ramakrishnan, U., Stein, A. D., Whitney, C. G., Young, M. F., Tanumihardjo, S. A., &#038; Suchdev, P. S. (2024). Hepatic Vitamin A Concentrations and Association with Infectious Causes of Child Death. The Journal of Pediatrics, 265, 113816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113816\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"excerpt-row\">\n          <p class=\"publication-excerpt\">\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/li>\n  <\/div> <div class=\"chartCell sep-section\">\n       <p class=\"figurelabel\"> <strong>Figure.<\/strong> Prevalence of anemia by trimester in CHAMPS pregnancy surveillance in Ethiopia and\nKenya (using venous blood measured by HemoCue201+; adjusted for altitude per WHO\nguidance and using trimester-specific cutoffs) (preliminary results)<\/p>\n    <button class=\"chartExpand\" aria-label=\"Expand chart\">\n      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center\"><\/i>\n    <\/button>\n    <div id=\"anemiaHost\" class=\"chartHost\"><\/div>\n    <div id=\"anemiaLegend\" class=\"chartLegend\">\n      <div class=\"item\"><div class=\"box\" style=\"background:#2e79b9;\"><\/div> Ethiopia<\/div>\n      <div class=\"item\"><div class=\"box\" style=\"background:#b0b0b0;\"><\/div> Kenya<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.publication-heading a {\n    color: black;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    line-height: 18px;\n    display: block;\n}<\/style>\n  <!-- 3) POSTMORTEM ANEMIA BY AGE (anemiaWrap5) -->\n \n\n  <!-- 4) FOREST PLOT -->\n  <div class=\"chartCell sep-section\">\n    <p class=\"figurelabel\"> <strong>Figure.<\/strong> Malnutrition (based on postmortem anthropometry) contributes to 40% of under-5 deaths\nand is associated with a 2.4-fold higher risk of infectious mortality<\/p>\n    <button class=\"chartExpand\" aria-label=\"Expand chart\">\n      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center\"><\/i>\n    <\/button>\n    <div id=\"forestHost\" class=\"chartHost\"><\/div>\n    <!-- no legend here -->\n\n\n     <li>\n\n        <p class=\"ref-tag\">Reference<\/p>\n      <div class=\"publication-body\">\n        <div class=\"publication-header\">\n          <h3 class=\"publication-heading\">\n            <a href=\"\">\nContribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia\n            <\/a>\n          <\/h3>\n          <div class=\"publication-details\">\n              <div class=\"publication-author\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>Zachary J Madewell<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-country\"><i class=\"fa fa-globe\"><\/i>Network-wide (all sites)<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-journal\"><i class=\"fa fa-book\"><\/i>BMJ Global Health<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-calendar\"><\/i>2024<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/gh.bmj.com\/content\/9\/12\/e017262\"> Download<\/a><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"citation-row\">\n         \n            <div class=\"publication-citation\">\n         Madewell, Z. J., Keita, A. M., Das, P. M.-G., et al. (2024). Contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. BMJ Global Health, 9, e017262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-017262\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"excerpt-row\">\n          <p class=\"publication-excerpt\">\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/li>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"sep-section\" style=\"width:100%;margin:0;position:relative;\">\n<!-- 5) NTD STACKED CHART (full-width at bottom) -->\n\n    <p class=\"figurelabel\"> <strong>Figure.<\/strong> Alarming high rates of neural tube defects in Ethiopia, linked to widespread folate\ndeficiency<\/p>\n<div id=\"ntdStacked\" style=\"width:100%;height:100vh;margin:0;position:relative;\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"chart-instruction\"> Click the coloured filters to see breakdowns by country <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"drilldown-click\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/img\/click-icon.png\"\/> \n<\/div>\n <li>\n\n        <p class=\"ref-tag\">Reference<\/p>\n      <div class=\"publication-body\">\n        <div class=\"publication-header\">\n          <h3 class=\"publication-heading\">\n            <a href=\"\">\nNeural tube defects as a cause of death among stillbirths, infants, and children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia: an analysis of the CHAMPS network\n            <\/a>\n          <\/h3>\n          <div class=\"publication-details\">\n              <div class=\"publication-author\"><i class=\"fa fa-user\"><\/i>Lola Madrid, et al<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-country\"><i class=\"fa fa-globe\"><\/i>Network-wide (all sites)<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-journal\"><i class=\"fa fa-book\"><\/i>The Lancet Global Health<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-calendar\"><\/i>2023<\/div>\n\n              <div class=\"publication-year\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/action\/showPdf?pii=S2214-109X%2823%2900191-2\"> Download<\/a><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"citation-row\">\n         \n            <div class=\"publication-citation\">\n         Madewell, Z. J., Keita, A. M., Das, P. M.-G., et al. (2024). Contribution of malnutrition to infant and child deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. BMJ Global Health, 9, e017262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-017262\n\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"excerpt-row\">\n          <p class=\"publication-excerpt\">\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/li>\n<\/div>\n<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function () {\n  if (!window.am5) return;\n\n  \/\/ Expand \/ collapse handler for charts 1\u20134\n  document.querySelectorAll(\".chartExpand\").forEach(function(btn) {\n    btn.addEventListener(\"click\", function () {\n      const cell = btn.closest(\".chartCell\");\n      if (!cell) return;\n      const grid = cell.parentElement;\n      const cells = Array.from(grid.children);\n      const index = cells.indexOf(cell);\n      const icon = btn.querySelector(\"i\");\n\n      const isExpanding = !cell.classList.contains(\"expanded\");\n\n      if (isExpanding) {\n        \/\/ Expand\n        cell.classList.add(\"expanded\");\n\n        \/\/ If it's the 2nd or 4th cell, temporarily swap with the previous one\n        if (index === 1 || index === 3) {\n          const prev = cells[index - 1];\n          if (prev) {\n            grid.insertBefore(cell, prev);\n            cell.dataset.swapped = \"true\";\n          }\n        }\n\n        if (icon) icon.style.transform = \"rotate(45deg)\";\n\n        \/\/ Smooth scroll the expanded block into view (desktop layout only)\n        if (window.innerWidth >= 1600) {\n          requestAnimationFrame(function () {\n            const rect = cell.getBoundingClientRect();\n            const scrollTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;\n            const target = rect.top + scrollTop - 30; \/\/ adjust offset if needed\n            window.scrollTo({ top: target, behavior: \"smooth\" });\n          });\n        }\n      } else {\n        \/\/ Collapse\n        cell.classList.remove(\"expanded\");\n\n        \/\/ If it was swapped, restore approximate original order\n        if (cell.dataset.swapped === \"true\") {\n          delete cell.dataset.swapped;\n          const currentCells = Array.from(grid.children);\n          const curIndex = currentCells.indexOf(cell);\n          const next = currentCells[curIndex + 1];\n          if (next) {\n            grid.insertBefore(cell, next.nextSibling);\n          } else {\n            grid.appendChild(cell);\n          }\n        }\n\n        if (icon) icon.style.transform = \"rotate(0deg)\";\n      }\n    });\n  });\n\n  \/\/ Helper: animate when container scrolls into view\n  function setupScrollAppear(elementId, onEnter) {\n    const el = document.getElementById(elementId);\n    if (!el) return;\n    let done = false;\n    const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries, obs) => {\n      entries.forEach(e => {\n        if (!done && e.isIntersecting) {\n          done = true;\n          onEnter();\n          obs.disconnect();\n        }\n      });\n    }, { threshold: 0.3 });\n    observer.observe(el);\n  }\n\n  \/\/ ----------------------------------------------------\n  \/\/ 1) ANEMIA CHART (Trimester, horizontal bars)\n  \/\/ ----------------------------------------------------\n  (function anemiaChart(){\n    const hostId = \"anemiaHost\";\n    const root = am5.Root.new(hostId);\n    root.setThemes([am5themes_Animated.new(root)]);\n\n    const chart = root.container.children.push(\n      am5xy.XYChart.new(root,{\n        layout: root.verticalLayout,\n        panX:false, panY:false,\n        wheelX:\"none\", wheelY:\"none\"\n      })\n    );\n    chart.set(\"cursor\", am5xy.XYCursor.new(root, { behavior: \"none\" }));\n\n    const data = [\n      { trimester:\"Third\",  Ethiopia:49, Kenya:63 },\n      { trimester:\"Second\", Ethiopia:30, Kenya:35 },\n      { trimester:\"First\",  Ethiopia:28, Kenya:25 }\n    ];\n\n  const yAxis = chart.yAxes.push(am5xy.CategoryAxis.new(root,{\n  categoryField:\"trimester\",\n  renderer: am5xy.AxisRendererY.new(root,{\n    inversed:true,\n    cellStartLocation: 0.0,\n    cellEndLocation: 0.75   \/\/ <-- GAP BETWEEN CATEGORY GROUPS\n  })\n}));\nyAxis.data.setAll(data);\n  \n    const xAxis = chart.xAxes.push(am5xy.ValueAxis.new(root,{\n      min:0, max:70, strictMinMax:true,\n      numberFormat:\"#'%'\",\n      renderer: am5xy.AxisRendererX.new(root,{})\n    }));\n\n    chart.children.push(am5.Label.new(root,{\n      text:\"Anemia Prevalence (%)\",\n      x:am5.percent(50), centerX:am5.percent(50),\n      paddingTop:10\n    }));\n    chart.children.push(am5.Label.new(root,{\n      text:\"Trimester\",\n      y:am5.percent(50), centerY:am5.percent(94),\n      rotation:-90,\n      \n    }));\n    const seriesArr = [];\n    function makeSeries(name,field,color){\n      const s = chart.series.push(am5xy.ColumnSeries.new(root,{\n        name, xAxis, yAxis,\n        valueXField:field,\n        categoryYField:\"trimester\",\n        tooltip: am5.Tooltip.new(root,{ labelText:\"{name}: {valueX}%\" })\n      }));\n      s.columns.template.setAll({\n        height: am5.p100,\n        fill: am5.color(color),\n        stroke: am5.color(color),\n        cornerRadiusTR:4, cornerRadiusBR:4\n      });\n      s.columns.template.states.create(\"hover\", {\n        scaleX: 1.03,\n        fillOpacity: 0.9\n      });\n      s.bullets.push(()=>am5.Bullet.new(root,{\n        locationX:1,\n        sprite: am5.Label.new(root,{\n          text:\"{valueX}%\",\n          centerY:am5.p50,\n          centerX:am5.p100,\n          fontWeight:\"600\",\n          populateText:true\n        })\n      }));\n      s.data.setAll(data);\n      seriesArr.push(s);\n      return s;\n    }\n\n    makeSeries(\"Ethiopia\",\"Ethiopia\",\"#2e79b9\");\n    makeSeries(\"Kenya\",\"Kenya\",\"#b0b0b0\");\n\n    setupScrollAppear(hostId, function(){\n      xAxis.appear(800);\n      yAxis.appear(800);\n      seriesArr.forEach(s => s.appear(600));\n      chart.appear(700,80);\n    });\n  })();\n\n\n\n  \/\/ ----------------------------------------------------\n  \/\/ 2) VITAMIN A CHART (stacked columns, legend under)\n  \/\/ ----------------------------------------------------\n  (function vitAChart(){\n    const hostId = \"vitAHost\";\n    const root = am5.Root.new(hostId);\n    root.setThemes([am5themes_Animated.new(root)]);\n\n    const chart = root.container.children.push(\n      am5xy.XYChart.new(root,{\n        layout: root.verticalLayout,\n        panX:false, panY:false,\n        wheelX:\"none\", wheelY:\"none\"\n      })\n    );\n    chart.set(\"cursor\", am5xy.XYCursor.new(root, { behavior: \"none\" }));\n\n    const data = [\n      { country:\"Bangladesh\",     Deficient:50, Adequate:46, High:0, Hypervitaminotic:4 },\n      { country:\"Ethiopia\",       Deficient:92, Adequate:8,  High:0, Hypervitaminotic:0 },\n      { country:\"Kenya\",          Deficient:97, Adequate:3,  High:0, Hypervitaminotic:0 },\n      { country:\"South Africa\",   Deficient:34, Adequate:44, High:6, Hypervitaminotic:16 }\n    ];\n\n    const xAxis = chart.xAxes.push(\n      am5xy.CategoryAxis.new(root,{\n        categoryField:\"country\",\n        renderer: am5xy.AxisRendererX.new(root,{\n          cellStartLocation:0.15,\n          cellEndLocation:0.85\n        }),\n        tooltip: am5.Tooltip.new(root,{})\n      })\n    );\n    xAxis.data.setAll(data);\n\n    const yAxis = chart.yAxes.push(\n      am5xy.ValueAxis.new(root,{\n        min:0, max:100, strictMinMax:true,\n        numberFormat:\"#'%'\",\n        renderer: am5xy.AxisRendererY.new(root,{})\n      })\n    );\n  yAxis.children.unshift(am5.Label.new(root, {\n      text: \"Percentage (%)\",\n      rotation: -90,\n      y: am5.p50, centerY: am5.p50, centerX: am5.p50,\n      dx: -20, fontWeight: \"500\", fontSize: 14\n    }));\n\n    xAxis.children.unshift(am5.Label.new(root, {\n      text: \"Country\",\n      rotation: 0,\n      x: am5.p50, centerY: am5.p50, centerX: am5.p50,\n      dx: -20, fontWeight: \"500\", fontSize: 14\n    }));\n    const seriesArr = [];\n    function makeSeries(name,field,color){\n      const s = chart.series.push(\n        am5xy.ColumnSeries.new(root,{\n          name, xAxis, yAxis,\n          valueYField:field,\n          categoryXField:\"country\",\n          stacked:true,\n          tooltip: am5.Tooltip.new(root,{ labelText:\"{name}: {valueY}%\" })\n        })\n      );\n      s.columns.template.setAll({\n        width: am5.percent(90),\n        fill: am5.color(color),\n        stroke: am5.color(color)\n      });\n      s.columns.template.states.create(\"hover\", {\n        scaleY: 1.05,\n        fillOpacity: 0.9\n      });\n      s.data.setAll(data);\n      seriesArr.push(s);\n      return s;\n    }\n\n    makeSeries(\"Deficient\",        \"Deficient\",        \"#e6902a\");\n    makeSeries(\"Adequate\",         \"Adequate\",         \"#66b7e6\");\n    makeSeries(\"High\",             \"High\",             \"#2aa667\");\n    makeSeries(\"Hypervitaminotic\", \"Hypervitaminotic\", \"#ead74e\");\n\n    const legendDiv = document.getElementById(\"vitALegend\");\n    legendDiv.innerHTML = `\n      <div class=\"item\"><div class=\"box\" style=\"background:#e6902a\"><\/div> Deficient<\/div>\n      <div class=\"item\"><div class=\"box\" style=\"background:#66b7e6\"><\/div> Adequate<\/div>\n      <div class=\"item\"><div class=\"box\" style=\"background:#2aa667\"><\/div> High<\/div>\n      <div class=\"item\"><div class=\"box\" style=\"background:#ead74e\"><\/div> Hypervitaminotic<\/div>\n    `;\n\n    setupScrollAppear(hostId, function(){\n      xAxis.appear(800);\n      yAxis.appear(800);\n      seriesArr.forEach(s => s.appear(600));\n      chart.appear(700,80);\n    });\n  })();\n\n\n\n  \/\/ ----------------------------------------------------\n  \/\/ 3) POSTMORTEM ANEMIA BY AGE (anemiaWrap5, legend under)\n  \/\/ ----------------------------------------------------\n  (function anemiaWrap5Chart(){\n    const hostId = \"anemiaWrap5\";\n    const root = am5.Root.new(hostId);\n    root.setThemes([am5themes_Animated.new(root)]);\n\n    const chart = root.container.children.push(\n      am5xy.XYChart.new(root,{\n        layout: root.verticalLayout,\n        panX:false,\n        panY:false,\n        wheelX:\"none\",\n        wheelY:\"none\"\n      })\n    );\n    chart.set(\"cursor\", am5xy.XYCursor.new(root, { behavior: \"none\" }));\n\n    const data = [\n      { age: \"0-1 month\",        anemia: 18,  severe: 18 },\n      { age: \"1-2 months\",       anemia: 10,  severe: 10 },\n      { age: \"2-6 months\",       anemia: 100, severe: 90 },\n      { age: \"6 months-2 yrs\", anemia: 5,   severe: 5  },\n      { age: \"2-5 yrs\",        anemia: 5,   severe: 5  }\n    ];\n\n    const xAxis = chart.xAxes.push(am5xy.CategoryAxis.new(root, {\n      categoryField: \"age\",\n      renderer: am5xy.AxisRendererX.new(root, { minGridDistance: 20 }),\n      tooltip: am5.Tooltip.new(root, { labelText: \"{category}\" })\n    }));\n    xAxis.data.setAll(data);\n\n    xAxis.children.unshift(am5.Label.new(root, {\n      text: \"Age Group\",\n      rotation: 0,\n      x: am5.p50, centerY: am5.p50, centerX: am5.p50,\n      dx: -20, fontWeight: \"600\"\n    }));\n    const yAxis = chart.yAxes.push(am5xy.ValueAxis.new(root, {\n      min: 0,\n      max: 100,\n      strictMinMax: true,\n      renderer: am5xy.AxisRendererY.new(root, {})\n    }));\n    yAxis.set(\"numberFormatter\", am5.NumberFormatter.new(root, { numberFormat: \"#'%'\"}));\n\n    yAxis.children.unshift(am5.Label.new(root, {\n      text: \"Proportion\",\n      rotation: -90,\n      y: am5.p50, centerY: am5.p50, centerX: am5.p50,\n      dx: -20, fontWeight: \"600\"\n    }));\n\n    const seriesArr = [];\n    function makeSeries(name, field, color) {\n      const s = chart.series.push(am5xy.ColumnSeries.new(root, {\n        name,\n        xAxis,\n        yAxis,\n        valueYField: field,\n        categoryXField: \"age\",\n        clustered: true,\n        tooltip: am5.Tooltip.new(root, { labelText: \"{name}\\n{categoryX}: {valueY}%\" })\n      }));\n      s.setAll({ sequencedInterpolation: true, interpolationDuration: 900 });\n      s.columns.template.setAll({\n        width: am5.percent(80),\n        fill: am5.color(color),\n        stroke: am5.color(color),\n        fillOpacity: 1,\n        strokeOpacity: 1,\n        tooltipY: 0\n      });\n      s.columns.template.states.create(\"hover\", {\n        scaleY: 1.06,\n        fillOpacity: 0.9\n      });\n      s.data.setAll(data);\n      seriesArr.push(s);\n      return s;\n    }\n\n    makeSeries(\"Postmortem Anemia\",        \"anemia\", 0x02966b);\n    makeSeries(\"Postmortem Severe Anemia\",\"severe\", 0xe25c17);\n\n    const legendDiv = document.getElementById(\"anemiaWrap5Legend\");\n    legendDiv.innerHTML = `\n      <div class=\"item\"><div class=\"box\" style=\"background:#02966b\"><\/div> Postmortem Anemia<\/div>\n      <div class=\"item\"><div class=\"box\" style=\"background:#e25c17\"><\/div> Postmortem Severe Anemia<\/div>\n    `;\n\n    setupScrollAppear(hostId, function(){\n      xAxis.appear(800);\n      yAxis.appear(800);\n      seriesArr.forEach(s => s.appear(900));\n      chart.appear(400,150);\n    });\n  })();\n\n\n\n  \/\/ ----------------------------------------------------\n  \/\/ 4) FOREST PLOT (forestHost)\n  \/\/ ----------------------------------------------------\n  (function forestChart(){\n    const id = \"forestHost\";\n    const root = am5.Root.new(id);\n    root.setThemes([ am5themes_Animated.new(root) ]);\n\n    const chart = root.container.children.push(am5xy.XYChart.new(root, {\n      layout: root.verticalLayout,\n      panX:false, panY:false, wheelX:\"none\", wheelY:\"none\",\n      paddingTop:18, paddingRight:110, paddingBottom:44, paddingLeft:12\n    }));\n    chart.set(\"cursor\", am5xy.XYCursor.new(root, { behavior: \"none\" }));\n\n    const base = [\n      { cause:\"Lower respiratory infections (n=869)\", a:3.96, aL:2.79, aH:5.74, b:4.28, bL:2.89, bH:6.33 },\n      { cause:\"Sepsis (n=828)\",                        a:3.83, aL:2.69, aH:5.55, b:4.15, bL:2.80, bH:6.16 },\n      { cause:\"Diarrheal diseases (n=367)\",            a:5.39, aL:3.38, aH:8.71, b:3.57, bL:2.04, bH:6.25 },\n      { cause:\"Meningitis\/Encephalitis (n=355)\",       a:2.36, aL:1.44, aH:3.87, b:2.18, bL:1.14, bH:4.19 },\n      { cause:\"Malaria (n=585)\",                       a:2.35, aL:1.60, aH:3.50, b:1.95, bL:1.24, bH:3.08 }\n    ];\n\n    const LABEL_X = 9.95;\n    const data = base.map(d => ({ ...d, labelX: LABEL_X }));\n\n    const yAxis = chart.yAxes.push(am5xy.CategoryAxis.new(root, {\n      categoryField:\"cause\",\n      renderer: am5xy.AxisRendererY.new(root, { inversed:true, minGridDistance:20 })\n    }));\n    yAxis.data.setAll(data);\n\n    const xAxis = chart.xAxes.push(am5xy.ValueAxis.new(root, {\n      renderer: am5xy.AxisRendererX.new(root, {}),\n      min: 0,\n      max: 10,\n      strictMinMax: true\n    }));\n\n    chart.children.push(am5.Label.new(root, {\n      text: \"Risk ratio (point estimate with 95% CI)\",\n      fontSize: 14,\n      x: am5.percent(50), centerX: am5.percent(50),\n      y: am5.percent(100), centerY: am5.percent(100),\n      paddingTop: 8\n    }));\n\n    const ref = xAxis.makeDataItem({ value: 1 });\n    xAxis.createAxisRange(ref);\n    ref.get(\"grid\").setAll({ strokeOpacity:1, stroke: am5.color(\"#888\"), strokeDasharray:[6,6] });\n\n    const teal = \"#2aa6b0\", orange = \"#e06a4b\";\n    const A_Y = 0.38, B_Y = 0.62;\n\n    const seriesArr = [];\n\n    function ciSeries(name, lowField, highField, color, locY){\n      const s = chart.series.push(am5xy.ColumnSeries.new(root, {\n        name: name + \" 95% CI\",\n        xAxis, yAxis,\n        openValueXField: lowField,\n        valueXField: highField,\n        categoryYField: \"cause\",\n        clustered: false,\n        locationY: locY,\n        tooltip: am5.Tooltip.new(root, {\n          labelText: `{name}\\n{categoryY}\\n{openValueX.formatNumber('#.00')} \u2013 {valueX.formatNumber('#.00')}`\n        })\n      }));\n      s.columns.template.setAll({\n        height: 6,\n        fill: am5.color(color),\n        stroke: am5.color(color),\n        strokeOpacity: 1\n      });\n      s.columns.template.states.create(\"hover\", {\n        strokeWidth: 2\n      });\n      s.data.setAll(data);\n      seriesArr.push(s);\n      return s;\n    }\n\n    function dotSeries(name, estField, color, locY){\n      const s = chart.series.push(am5xy.ColumnSeries.new(root, {\n        name: name + \" estimate\",\n        xAxis, yAxis,\n        openValueXField: estField,\n        valueXField: estField,\n        categoryYField: \"cause\",\n        clustered: false,\n        locationY: locY,\n        maskBullets: false\n      }));\n      s.columns.template.setAll({ height: 0, fillOpacity: 0, strokeOpacity: 0 });\n      s.setAll({ zIndex:10 });\n\n      s.bullets.push(() => am5.Bullet.new(root, {\n        locationX: 0.5,\n        sprite: am5.Circle.new(root, {\n          radius: 8,\n          fill: am5.color(color),\n          stroke: am5.color(\"#fff\"),\n          strokeWidth: 2,\n          tooltip: am5.Tooltip.new(root, {\n            labelText: `${name} estimate\\n{categoryY}\\n{valueX.formatNumber('#.00')}`\n          })\n        })\n      }));\n\n      s.data.setAll(data);\n      seriesArr.push(s);\n      return s;\n    }\n\n    function fixedLabelSeries(name, lowField, estField, highField, color, locY){\n      const s = chart.series.push(am5xy.ColumnSeries.new(root, {\n        name: name + \" labels\",\n        xAxis, yAxis,\n        openValueXField: \"labelX\",\n        valueXField: \"labelX\",\n        categoryYField: \"cause\",\n        clustered: false,\n        locationY: locY,\n        maskBullets: false\n      }));\n      s.columns.template.setAll({ height: 0, fillOpacity: 0, strokeOpacity: 0 });\n      s.data.setAll(data);\n\n      s.bullets.push(function () {\n        const label = am5.Label.new(root, {\n          centerY: am5.p50,\n          centerX: am5.p150,\n          dx: -6,\n          fontSize: 13,\n          fontWeight: \"600\",\n          fill: am5.color(color),\n          populateText: false\n        });\n        label.adapters.add(\"text\", function(_, target){\n          const di = target.dataItem; if (!di) return \"\";\n          const d  = di.dataContext;\n          const fmt = v => (Math.round(v*100)\/100).toFixed(2);\n          return `${fmt(d[estField])} (${fmt(d[lowField])}, ${fmt(d[highField])})`;\n        });\n        return am5.Bullet.new(root, { locationX: 1, sprite: label });\n      });\n\n      seriesArr.push(s);\n      return s;\n    }\n\n    ciSeries(\"Group A\",\"aL\",\"aH\",teal,A_Y);\n    ciSeries(\"Group B\",\"bL\",\"bH\",orange,B_Y);\n    dotSeries(\"Group A\",\"a\",teal,A_Y);\n    dotSeries(\"Group B\",\"b\",orange,B_Y);\n    fixedLabelSeries(\"Group A\",\"aL\",\"a\",\"aH\",teal,A_Y);\n    fixedLabelSeries(\"Group B\",\"bL\",\"b\",\"bH\",orange,B_Y);\n\n    setupScrollAppear(id, function(){\n      xAxis.appear(800);\n      yAxis.appear(800);\n      seriesArr.forEach(s => s.appear(500));\n      chart.appear(700,80);\n    });\n  })();\n\n\n\n \/\/ ----------------------------------------------------\n\/\/ 5) NTD STACKED CHART (ntdStacked, full-height section)\n\/\/ ----------------------------------------------------\n(function ntdStackedChart(){\n  const id = \"ntdStacked\";\n  const root = am5.Root.new(id);\n  root.setThemes([ am5themes_Animated.new(root) ]);\n  root.container.setAll({ layout: root.verticalLayout }); \/\/ chart then legend\n\n  const chart = root.container.children.push(am5xy.XYChart.new(root, {\n    layout: root.verticalLayout,\n    panX: false,\n    panY: false,\n    wheelX: \"none\",\n    wheelY: \"none\",\n    paddingTop: 0,\n    paddingRight: 40,\n    paddingLeft: 10,\n    paddingBottom: 140   \/\/ space for brackets + labels\n  }));\n\n  chart.plotContainer.setAll({ paddingLeft: 16 });\n  chart.set(\"cursor\", am5xy.XYCursor.new(root, { behavior: \"none\" }));\n\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  \/\/ Axes\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  const xAxis = chart.xAxes.push(am5xy.CategoryAxis.new(root, {\n    categoryField: \"label\",\n    renderer: am5xy.AxisRendererX.new(root, {\n      minGridDistance: 10,\n      cellStartLocation: 0.2,\n      cellEndLocation: 0.8\n    })\n  }));\n\n  xAxis.get(\"renderer\").labels.template.setAll({\n    rotation: -90,\n    centerY: am5.p50,\n    centerX: am5.p50,\n    fontSize: 11,\n    fill: am5.color(\"#333\")\n  });\n\n  const yRenderer = am5xy.AxisRendererY.new(root, {\n    inside: true,\n    minGridDistance: 25,\n    strokeOpacity: 0.4,\n    strokeWidth: 1\n  });\n  yRenderer.labels.template.setAll({\n    fontSize: 10,\n    fill: am5.color(\"#333\"),\n    paddingRight: 1\n  });\n\n  const yAxis = chart.yAxes.push(am5xy.ValueAxis.new(root, { renderer: yRenderer }));\n\n  yAxis.children.unshift(am5.Label.new(root, {\n    text: \"Death with MITS with neural tube defects in causal chain\",\n    rotation: -90,\n    y: 400,\n    centerY: am5.p50,\n    x: -5,\n    fill: am5.color(\"#333\"),\n    fontSize: 10,\n    fontWeight: \"600\"\n  }));\n\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  \/\/ Data: totals per category\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  const totals = [\n    { label: \"Stillbirths\",     total: 51 },\n    { label: \"Deaths <24h\",     total: 7 },\n    { label: \"Early neonates\",  total: 5 },\n    { label: \"Late neonates\",   total: 4 },\n    { label: \"Infants\",         total: 2 },\n\n    { label: \"Male\",            total: 15 },\n    { label: \"Female\",          total: 54 },\n\n    { label: \"Community\",       total: 1 },\n    { label: \"Facility\",        total: 68 },\n\n    { label: \"2017\",            total: 3 },\n    { label: \"2018\",            total: 2 },\n    { label: \"2019\",            total: 16 },\n    { label: \"2020\",            total: 19 },\n    { label: \"2021\",            total: 29 },\n\n    { label: \"Dry\",             total: 53 },\n    { label: \"Rainy\",           total: 16 },\n\n    { label: \"< 20 y\",          total: 6 },\n    { label: \"20\u201324 y\",         total: 14 },\n    { label: \"25\u201329 y\",         total: 14 },\n    { label: \"\u2265 30 y\",          total: 14 },\n\n    { label: \"Christian\",       total: 17 },\n    { label: \"Hindu\",           total: 1 },\n    { label: \"Muslim\",          total: 41 },\n    { label: \"Other rel.\",      total: 0 },\n\n    { label: \"0\",               total: 10 },\n    { label: \"1\u20132\",             total: 7 },\n    { label: \"3\u20134\",             total: 9 },\n    { label: \"5\u20136\",             total: 4 },\n    { label: \"7\u20138\",             total: 1 },\n    { label: \"9\u201310\",            total: 1 }\n  ];\n\n  const countries = [\n    { key: \"BD\", name: \"Bangladesh\",   color: \"#4b66b3\" },\n    { key: \"ET\", name: \"Ethiopia\",     color: \"#f3a189\" },\n    { key: \"KE\", name: \"Kenya\",        color: \"#48a3bf\" },\n    { key: \"ML\", name: \"Mali\",         color: \"#f1d373\" },\n    { key: \"MZ\", name: \"Mozambique\",   color: \"#79c6cf\" },\n    { key: \"SL\", name: \"Sierra Leone\", color: \"#9fbc9a\" },\n    { key: \"ZA\", name: \"South Africa\", color: \"#b8a5cf\" }\n  ];\n\n  \/\/ --------------------------------------------------\n  \/\/ Explicit per-site counts for each label (Figure 2)\n  \/\/ --------------------------------------------------\n  const explicitBySite = {\n    \/\/ Age group\n    \"Stillbirths\":     { BD: 1, ET: 39, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 6, SL: 2, ZA: 3 },\n    \"Deaths <24h\":     { BD: 0, ET:  5, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 1, SL: 0, ZA: 1 },\n    \"Early neonates\":  { BD: 0, ET:  3, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 1, SL: 1, ZA: 0 },\n    \"Late neonates\":   { BD: 0, ET:  2, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 1, SL: 1, ZA: 0 },\n    \"Infants\":         { BD: 0, ET:  1, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 0, SL: 1, ZA: 0 },\n\n    \/\/ Sex\n    \"Male\":            { BD: 0, ET: 11, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 2, SL: 1, ZA: 1 },\n    \"Female\":          { BD: 0, ET: 43, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 6, SL: 2, ZA: 3 },\n\n    \/\/ Location\n    \"Community\":       { BD: 0, ET:  0, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 1, SL: 0, ZA: 0 },\n    \"Facility\":        { BD: 1, ET: 51, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 9, SL: 3, ZA: 4 },\n\n    \/\/ Year\n    \"2017\":            { BD: 0, ET:  2, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 1, SL: 0, ZA: 0 },\n    \"2018\":            { BD: 0, ET:  2, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 0, SL: 0, ZA: 0 },\n    \"2019\":            { BD: 0, ET: 11, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 4, SL: 0, ZA: 1 },\n    \"2020\":            { BD: 0, ET: 13, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 4, SL: 1, ZA: 1 },\n    \"2021\":            { BD: 0, ET: 22, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 4, SL: 1, ZA: 2 },\n\n    \/\/ Season\n    \"Dry\":             { BD: 1, ET: 40, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 6, SL: 3, ZA: 3 },\n    \"Rainy\":           { BD: 0, ET: 11, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 3, SL: 1, ZA: 1 },\n\n    \/\/ Maternal age\n    \"< 20 y\":          { BD: 0, ET:  4, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 1, SL: 0, ZA: 1 },\n    \"20\u201324 y\":         { BD: 0, ET: 10, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 2, SL: 1, ZA: 1 },\n    \"25\u201329 y\":         { BD: 0, ET: 10, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 2, SL: 1, ZA: 1 },\n    \"\u2265 30 y\":          { BD: 0, ET: 10, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 2, SL: 1, ZA: 1 },\n\n    \/\/ Religion\n    \"Christian\":       { BD: 0, ET: 11, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 3, SL: 2, ZA: 1 },\n    \"Hindu\":           { BD: 1, ET:  0, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 0, SL: 0, ZA: 0 },\n    \"Muslim\":          { BD: 1, ET: 30, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 4, SL: 3, ZA: 3 },\n    \"Other rel.\":      { BD: 0, ET:  0, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 0, SL: 0, ZA: 0 },\n\n    \/\/ Antenatal care visits\n    \"0\":               { BD: 0, ET: 7, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 2, SL: 0, ZA: 1 },\n    \"1\u20132\":             { BD: 0, ET: 5, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 1, SL: 0, ZA: 1 },\n    \"3\u20134\":             { BD: 0, ET: 6, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 2, SL: 0, ZA: 1 },\n    \"5\u20136\":             { BD: 0, ET: 2, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 1, SL: 0, ZA: 1 },\n    \"7\u20138\":             { BD: 0, ET: 1, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 0, SL: 0, ZA: 0 },\n    \"9\u201310\":            { BD: 0, ET: 1, KE: 0, ML: 0, MZ: 0, SL: 0, ZA: 0 }\n  };\n\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  \/\/ Build data from explicit splits\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  const data = totals.map(row => {\n    const o = { label: row.label };\n    const split = explicitBySite[row.label] || {};\n\n    countries.forEach(c => {\n      o[c.key] = split[c.key] ?? 0;\n    });\n\n    return o;\n  });\n\n  xAxis.data.setAll(data);\n\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  \/\/ Legend and series\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  const legend = root.container.children.push(\n    am5.Legend.new(root, {\n      useDefaultMarker: true,\n      centerX: am5.p50,\n      x: am5.p50,\n      paddingTop: 12,\n      paddingBottom: 8\n    })\n  );\n\n  const seriesArr = [];\n  countries.forEach(c => {\n    const s = chart.series.push(am5xy.ColumnSeries.new(root, {\n      name: c.name,\n      xAxis,\n      yAxis,\n      stacked: true,\n      categoryXField: \"label\",\n      valueYField: c.key,\n      tooltip: am5.Tooltip.new(root, { labelText: `${c.name}: {valueY}` })\n    }));\n\n    s.columns.template.setAll({\n      fill: am5.color(c.color),\n      stroke: am5.color(c.color),\n      width: am5.percent(90),\n      strokeOpacity: 0.9\n    });\n    s.columns.template.states.create(\"hover\", {\n      shadowColor: am5.color(0x000000),\n      shadowBlur: 6,\n      scale: 1.02\n    });\n\n    s.data.setAll(data);\n    legend.data.push(s);\n    seriesArr.push(s);\n  });\n\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  \/\/ Group brackets under x-axis\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  const groups = [\n    { name: \"Age group\",           from: \"Stillbirths\", to: \"Infants\" },\n    { name: \"Sex\",                 from: \"Male\",        to: \"Female\" },\n    { name: \"Location\",            from: \"Community\",   to: \"Facility\" },\n    { name: \"Year\",                from: \"2017\",        to: \"2021\" },\n    { name: \"Season\",              from: \"Dry\",         to: \"Rainy\" },\n    { name: \"Maternal age\",        from: \"< 20 y\",      to: \"\u2265 30 y\" },\n    { name: \"Religion\",            from: \"Christian\",   to: \"Other rel.\" },\n    { name: \"Antenatal care visits\", from: \"0\",         to: \"9\u201310\" }\n  ];\n\n  const BRACKET_Y_OFFSET = -40;\n  const LABEL_Y_OFFSET   = 0;\n  const red = am5.color(\"#7c2b2b\");\n\n  let bracketGraphics = [];\n  let baseBracketY = null;\n  let baseLabelY   = null;\n\n  function drawBrackets() {\n    bracketGraphics.forEach(g => g.dispose());\n    bracketGraphics = [];\n\n    const items = xAxis.dataItems;\n    if (!items || !items.length) return;\n\n    const step = chart.plotContainer.width() \/ items.length;\n    const plotH = chart.plotContainer.height();\n\n    if (baseBracketY === null || baseLabelY === null) {\n      baseBracketY = plotH + BRACKET_Y_OFFSET;\n      baseLabelY   = plotH + LABEL_Y_OFFSET;\n    }\n\n    groups.forEach(g => {\n      const i0 = items.findIndex(d => d.get(\"category\") === g.from);\n      const i1 = items.findIndex(d => d.get(\"category\") === g.to);\n      if (i0 < 0 || i1 < i0) return;\n\n      const x0 = (i0 + 0.2) * step;\n      const x1 = (i1 + 0.8) * step;\n      const xm = (x0 + x1) \/ 2;\n\n      const main = am5.Line.new(root, {\n        x: x0,\n        y: baseBracketY,\n        width: x1 - x0,\n        stroke: red,\n        strokeWidth: 1.2\n      });\n      const left = am5.Line.new(root, {\n        x: x0,\n        y: baseBracketY - 5,\n        height: 10,\n        stroke: red,\n        strokeWidth: 1.2\n      });\n      const right = am5.Line.new(root, {\n        x: x1,\n        y: baseBracketY - 5,\n        height: 10,\n        stroke: red,\n        strokeWidth: 1.2\n      });\n      const label = am5.Label.new(root, {\n        text: g.name,\n        x: xm,\n        y: baseLabelY,\n        centerX: am5.p50,\n        fontSize: 13,\n        fontWeight: \"600\",\n        fill: am5.color(\"#550000\")\n      });\n\n      chart.plotContainer.children.push(main);\n      chart.plotContainer.children.push(left);\n      chart.plotContainer.children.push(right);\n      chart.plotContainer.children.push(label);\n\n      bracketGraphics.push(main, left, right, label);\n    });\n  }\n\n  chart.events.on(\"boundschanged\", function () {\n    drawBrackets();\n  });\n\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  \/\/ Responsive label sizing\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  const resizeHandler = () => {\n    const w = root.dom.clientWidth;\n    xAxis.get(\"renderer\").labels.template.setAll({ fontSize: w < 640 ? 9 : 11 });\n  };\n  window.addEventListener(\"resize\", resizeHandler);\n  resizeHandler();\n\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  \/\/ Scroll-appear animation hook\n  \/\/ -------------------------\n  setupScrollAppear(id, function(){\n    xAxis.appear(800);\n    yAxis.appear(800);\n    seriesArr.forEach(s => s.appear(700));\n    chart.appear(800, 80);\n  });\n})();\n\n\n});\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"case-examples row\" style=\"margin-bottom: 35px;\">\n    <div class=\"case-examples-left col-md-6\">\n        <h3> Case Examples <\/h3>\n                    <div id=\"resourceCarousel\" class=\"carousel slide\" data-bs-ride=\"carousel\" data-bs-interval=\"3255435\">\n                <div class=\"carousel-inner\">\n                                                <div class=\"carousel-item active\">\n                                <div class=\"case-example-cover\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2017-3322-HE-40X-liver.png)\">\n                                    <div class=\"case-overlay\">\n                                      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center expand-icon\"><\/i>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <h5>An infant with severe malnutrition who died at home with a respiratory infection led to the diagnosis of pneumonia and found a previously unknown HIV infection<\/h5>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"case-example-inner\">\n                                    <h5>An infant with severe malnutrition who died at home with a respiratory infection led to the diagnosis of pneumonia and found a previously unknown HIV infection<\/h5>\n\n                                    <div class=\"example-inner row\">\n                                        <div class=\"col-md-6 example-left\">\n                                            \n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left w-65 margin-auto\">A&nbsp;6 month old baby girl died at home&nbsp;after a week of fever, trouble breathing and cold extremities. She had not been growing well for over three months. When she died, she weighed less than when she was born.<\/p>\n\n                                            <div class=\"pathology-images\">\n                                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2017-3322-IHC-40X-Streptococcus-species-Lung-1.png\" alt=\"Abundant Streptococcus spp. bacteria seen by immunohistochemistry in the lung\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Abundant Streptococcus spp. bacteria seen by immunohistochemistry in the lung\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2017-3322-HE-5X-liver-1.png\" alt=\"Low magnification of liver with steatosis from malnutrition\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Low magnification of liver with steatosis from malnutrition\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2017-3322-HE-40x-Lung-1.png\" alt=\"CMV infected cell in the lung with intranuclear eosinophilic viral inclusions\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"CMV infected cell in the lung with intranuclear eosinophilic viral inclusions\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2017-3322-HE-40X-liver-1.png\" alt=\"Fat droplets (clear spaces) within hepatocytes due to steatosis from malnutrition\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"Fat droplets (clear spaces) within hepatocytes due to steatosis from malnutrition\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2017-3322-HE-10x-Lung-CMV-inclusions-arrow-2.png\" alt=\"CMV infected cells (arrows) in the lung with intranuclear eosinophilic viral inclusions\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"CMV infected cells (arrows) in the lung with intranuclear eosinophilic viral inclusions\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2017-3322-IHC-40X-CMV-Lung-1.png\" alt=\"CMV inclusions staining by immunohistochemistry in the lung\" class=\"img-fluid mb-2 case-image\" data-title=\"CMV inclusions staining by immunohistochemistry in the lung\">                                            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"col-md-6 example-right\">\n\n      <!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"left\",\"className\":\"w-65 margin-auto\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left w-65 margin-auto\"><strong>Uncovering the cause<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>After her death&nbsp;<strong>the baby\u2019s blood tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)<\/strong>. Her mother had been tested for HIV five months prior to the baby\u2019s birth and was negative.&nbsp;<strong>She did not have testing again later<\/strong>&nbsp;during pregnancy when she must have acquired the infection. She was not on any medications that could have prevented her from passing HIV to her daughter.<br>By measuring the baby\u2019s weight after death, CHAMPS confirmed that&nbsp;<strong>she was severely malnourished<\/strong>, even though&nbsp;<strong>her parents reported&nbsp;<\/strong>in an interview&nbsp;with family members (called a verbal autopsy)&nbsp;<strong>that the baby was growing well<\/strong>. In addition, pathology examination showed that her liver was holding onto extra fat cells, a change called steatosis, which can be a sign of malnutrition.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The HIV infection and malnutrition likely worked together to&nbsp;<strong>weaken the baby\u2019s immune system<\/strong>&nbsp;and make her likely to get sick from other infections, even though she was up to date on all of her recommended shots.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>CHAMPS testing showed that the baby\u2019s pneumonia was caused by a serious bacterial infection,&nbsp;<strong><em>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/em><\/strong>, along with two viruses,&nbsp;<strong>cytomegalovirus&nbsp;<\/strong>and&nbsp;<strong>respiratory syncytial virus<\/strong>. Evidence of all of these pathogens were found in the baby\u2019s lung tissue.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>CHAMPS laboratory and pathology findings provided robust evidence that<strong>&nbsp;multiple respiratory infections led to death<\/strong>&nbsp;for this baby with underlying malnutrition and previously undiagnosed HIV.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":2166,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\",\"align\":\"center\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/live-champs-new.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-2-1024x391.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2166\" title=\"Quote Case 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-2-1024x391.png 1024w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-2-300x115.png 300w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-2-768x293.png 768w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-2-1536x587.png 1536w, https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Quote-Case-2.png 1911w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pathology images<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n                                            <div class=\"cause-public\"> \n\n      No intro text found.                                            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n                <!-- Carousel controls -->\n                                      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center contract-icon\"><\/i>\n\n                <div class=\"carousel-controls\">\n                <button class=\"carousel-control-prev\" type=\"button\" data-bs-target=\"#resourceCarousel\" data-bs-slide=\"prev\">\n                    <span class=\"carousel-control-prev-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Previous<\/span>\n                <\/button>\n                <button class=\"carousel-control-next\" type=\"button\" data-bs-target=\"#resourceCarousel\" data-bs-slide=\"next\">\n                    <span class=\"carousel-control-next-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n                    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Next<\/span>\n                <\/button>\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"case-studies-cause col-md-6\"> \n\n                                      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center contract-icon2\"><\/i>\n\n       <h3> Case Studies <\/h3>\n                 <div id=\"carouselExampleControls\" class=\"carousel slide\" data-bs-ride=\"carousel\" data-bs-interval=\"435254535\">\n  <div class=\"carousel-inner\">\n    \n\n    \n\n                      <div class=\"carousel-item active\"> \n\n     <div class=\"case-example-cover\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/kenya-partners@2x.jpg)\">\n                                    <div class=\"case-overlay\">\n                                      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center expand-icon2\"><\/i>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <h5>Improving maternal and child health outcomes in Kuoyo Health Centre, Kenya<\/h5>\n                                <\/div>\n<div class=\"case-study-inner\"> \n\n\n                                    <h5>Improving maternal and child health outcomes in Kuoyo Health Centre, Kenya<\/h5>\n\n                                    <div class=\"case-study-content row\">\n\n<div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     \n<p class=\"has-text-align-left w-65 margin-auto\">To reduce child mortality, a systemic approach addressing infrastructural needs, knowledge\/skills acquisition and retention by health care workers, demand creation for good quality health care services, as well as provision of clinical supplies is crucial. Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Kenya has continually supported Kuoyo Health Center to realize a holistic approach to\u00a0preventing child mortality. From a humble beginning of one staff in a facility that was inadequately equipped to handle basic childhood illnesses like diarrhea and pneumonia, and hence recording high mortality rates, the center now has a staff complement of 18 and serves a population of over 10,000 with better outcomes for both mother and child. Some of the interventions implemented include trainings on established treatment protocols like the Integrated Management of Newborn and Child health illnesses (IMNCI) protocol alongside providing a\u00a0pediatric pulse oximeter to assist with implementation of IMCI. The electric water dispensers donated by CHAMPS for oral rehydration therapy (ORT) corners were instrumental in quickly addressing diarrhea cases \u2013 there were over 900 illnesses in such cases in 2018 (facility register). A nutritionist intern was also posted by CHAMPS to assist with malnutrition screening. Some of the lessons learnt include the importance of routine medical training and mentorship to. sustain achieved quality improvements. Health champions in each health facility are crucial in implementing and\u00a0sustaining the provision of good quality health care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"col-md-6 case-study-meta\">  \n\n<div class=\"case-study-share\"> \n\n<div class=\"share-tag\">Share<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"share-icons\"> \n\n\n<li><a href=\"\"><i class=\"fa fa-facebook\"> <\/i> <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\"><i class=\"fa fa-brands fa-x-twitter\"> <\/i> <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\"><i class=\"fa fa-linkedin\"> <\/i> <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"box-tag\"> PERMALINK <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"share-url\"> \n\nhttps:\/\/champshealth.org\/case_study\/improving-maternal-and-child-health-outcomes-in-kuoyo-health-centre-kenya\/\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kuoyo-Case-Study_VFinal-July2024-2.pdf\" class=\"case-download\"> Download <i class=\"fa fa-download\"> <\/i><\/a>\n\n<\/div>\n                                     <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n                      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"carousel-controls2\" style =\"display: none\" >\n  <button class=\"carousel-control-prev\" type=\"button\" data-bs-target=\"#carouselExampleControls\" data-bs-slide=\"prev\">\n    <span class=\"carousel-control-prev-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Previous<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <button class=\"carousel-control-next\" type=\"button\" data-bs-target=\"#carouselExampleControls\" data-bs-slide=\"next\">\n    <span class=\"carousel-control-next-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Next<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n                <!-- Carousel controls -->\n                                      <i class=\"fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center contract-icon\"><\/i>\n\n              \n            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Lightbox Overlay -->\n<div id=\"lightbox-overlay\" class=\"lightbox-overlay\">\n    <span class=\"lightbox-close\">&times;<\/span>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" id=\"lightbox-image\" src=\"\" alt=\"\">\n    <div id=\"lightbox-title\" class=\"lightbox-title\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\n\n.box-tag {\n      color: #5E5D5B;\n      font-size: 14px;\n\n}\n.contract-icon,.contract-icon2 {\n\n  color: black;\n  position: absolute;\n  top: 0;\n  right: 0;\n  display: none;\n}\n\n.case-study-content {\n\n  display: none;\n  margin-top: 30px;\n}\n  .case-overlay i {\n    color: white;\n    position: absolute;\n    top: 5%;\n    right: 5%;\n    cursor: pointer;\n  }\n  \n  .share-icons {\n\n    padding-left: 0;\n    margin-top: 20px;\n    list-style: none;\n    width: 100%;\n    display: flex;\n  }\n\n  .share-icons li {\n\n    margin-right: 25px;\n  }\n\n  .share-icons a {\n\n    font-size: 30px;\n    color: #5E5D5B;;\n  }\n\n  .case-download {\n\n    padding: 10px;\n        color: #5E5D5B;\n\n            border: 1px solid #5E5D5B;\nmargin-top: 40px;\ntext-decoration: none;\ndisplay: block;\nwidth: fit-content;\n  }\n\n\n.case-download:hover {\n\n  color: white;\n  background-color: #5E5D5B;\n\n}\n.share-tag {\n    color: #5E5D5B;\n    position: absolute;\n    top: -46px;\n    border: 1px solid #5E5D5B;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid white;\n    left: -1px;\n    padding: 10px;\n\n\n}\n\n\n.share-url {\n\n    color: #5E5D5B;\n\n  font-size: 14px;\n  padding: 5px;\n  }\n  .case-study-share {\n\n\nmargin-top: 35px;\n\nposition: relative;\n    border:  1px solid #5E5D5B;\n    max-width: 400px;\n    padding: 20px;\n  }\n\n  .share-url {\n    border:  1px solid #5E5D5B;\n    padding: 10px;\n\n\n  }\n  .case-example-cover {\n    position: absolute;\n    width: 100%;\n    height: 100%;\n    background-size: cover;\n    background-position: center;\n    background-repeat: no-repeat;\n    transition: opacity 0.5s ease;\n  }\n  \n  .case-example-cover.fade-out {\n    opacity: 0;\n    visibility: hidden;\n  }\n  \n  .expanded-width {\n    width: 100% !important;\n    transition: width 0.5s ease;\n  }\n\n  .example-inner {\n    display: none; \/* Hide content initially *\/\n  }\n  \n  .case-example-cover h5 {\n    color: white;\n    font-family: Lato;\n    position: absolute;\n    bottom: 10%;\n    right: 10%;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    width: 75%;\n    text-align: right;\n  }\n\n  .carousel-item {\n    min-height: 450px;\n  }\n\n  \/* Lightbox Overlay Styles *\/\n  .lightbox-overlay {\n    display: none;\n    position: fixed;\n    top: 0;\n    left: 0;\n    width: 100%;\n    height: 100%;\n    background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n    z-index: 1000;\n    justify-content: center;\n    align-items: center;\n    text-align: center;\n  }\n\n  .lightbox-overlay img {\n    max-width: 80%;\n    max-height: 80%;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n    margin-top: 100px;\n  }\n\n  .lightbox-title {\n    color: white;\n    font-size: 18px;\n    font-weight: bold;\n  }\n\n  .lightbox-close {\n    position: absolute;\n    top: 10px;\n    right: 20px;\n    font-size: 30px;\n    color: white;\n    cursor: pointer;\n  }\n\n  .example-inner h2 {\n    margin-left: 0!important;\n    font-size: 20px;\n  }\n\n  .controls-expanded {\n\n    position: absolute;\n    top: -20px;\n    display: flex;\n    right: 0;\n    filter: invert(1);\n    width: fit-content;\n  }\n\n  .contract-icon {\n\n    z-index: 342423424;\n  }\n\n  .controls-expanded .carousel-control-prev, .controls-expanded .carousel-control-next {\n\n    position: relative;\n  }\n\n  .case-study-content p {\n\n    text-align: left!important;\n    margin-left: 0!important;\n    width: 100%!important;\n  }\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n    (function($) {\n        $(document).on('click', '.expand-icon', function() {\n            \/\/ Fade out the cover\n            $('.case-example-cover').addClass('fade-out');\n            \/\/ Expand the left container to full width\n            $('.case-examples-left').removeClass('col-md-6').addClass('expanded-width');\n            \/\/ Show the hidden example-inner content with display: flex\n            $('.example-inner').css('display', 'flex').hide().fadeIn();\n            $('.carousel-controls').toggleClass('controls-expanded');\n            $('.contract-icon').show();\n            $('.case-studies-cause').hide();\n        });\n\n\n             $(document).on('click', '.expand-icon2', function() {\n            \/\/ Fade out the cover\n            $('.case-example-cover').addClass('fade-out');\n            \/\/ Expand the left container to full width\n            $('.case-studies-cause').removeClass('col-md-6').addClass('expanded-width');\n            \/\/ Show the hidden example-inner content with display: flex\n            $('.example-inner').css('display', 'flex').hide().fadeIn();\n            $('.carousel-controls2').toggleClass('controls-expanded');\n            $('.contract-icon2').show();\n            $('.case-examples-left').hide();\n                        $('.case-study-content').show();\n                        $('.case-study-content').addClass('display-flex');\n\n        });\n\n\n\n      $(document).on('click', '.contract-icon', function() {\n            \/\/ Fade out the cover\n            $('.case-example-cover').removeClass('fade-out');\n            \/\/ Expand the left container to full width\n            $('.case-examples-left').addClass('col-md-6').removeClass('expanded-width');\n            \/\/ Show the hidden example-inner content with display: flex\n            $('.example-inner').hide();\n            $('.carousel-controls').toggleClass('controls-expanded');\n            $('.contract-icon').hide();\n                        $('.case-studies-cause').show();\n\n        });\n\n   $(document).on('click', '.contract-icon2', function() {\n            \/\/ Fade out the cover\n            $('.case-example-cover').removeClass('fade-out');\n            \/\/ Expand the left container to full width\n            $('.case-studies-cause').addClass('col-md-6').removeClass('expanded-width');\n            \/\/ Show the hidden example-inner content with display: flex\n            $('.example-inner').hide();\n            $('.carousel-controls2').toggleClass('controls-expanded');\n            $('.contract-icon2').hide();\n                        $('.case-examples-left').show();\n                                                $('.case-study-hide').show();\n                                                                        $('.case-study-content').removeClass('display-flex');\n\n                                                                        $('.case-study-content').hide();\n\n        });\n        \/\/ Lightbox functionality\n        $(document).on('click', '.case-image', function() {\n            var imageUrl = $(this).attr('src');\n            var imageTitle = $(this).data('title');\n            $('#lightbox-image').attr('src', imageUrl);\n            $('#lightbox-title').text(imageTitle);\n            $('#lightbox-overlay').fadeIn();\n        });\n\n        $(document).on('click', '.lightbox-close, #lightbox-overlay', function(e) {\n            if (e.target === this) {\n                $('#lightbox-overlay').fadeOut();\n            }\n        });\n    })(jQuery);\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n  \n.display-flex {\n\n  display: flex!important;\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n  .case-studies-cause {\n\n    position: relative;\n  }\n  .case-overlay i {\n\n    color: white;\n    position: absolute;\n    top: 5%;\n    right: 5%;\n  }\n  .example-right {\n\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\n  }\n\n  .example-left img {\n\n    width: 50%;\n    height: 50%;\n    object-fit: cover;\n  }\n.case-example-cover {\n\n  position: absolute;\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 450px;\n  background-size: cover;\n  background-position: center;\n  background-repeat: no-repeat;\n}\n\n.case-example-cover h5 {\n\n  color: white;\n  font-family: Lato;\n  position: absolute;\n  bottom: 10%;\n  right: 10%;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  width: 75%;\n  text-align: right;\n}\n\n.carousel-item {\n\n  position: relative;\n}\n\n.case-overlay {\n\n  background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.4);\n  position: absolute;\n  top: 0;\n  left: 0;\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 100%;\n}\n\n\n.carousel-control-next, .carousel-control-prev {\n\n  height: 50px;\n  top: 45%;\n}\n\n.example-left p {\n\n  width: 100%;\n  font-size: 16px;\n}\n\n.example-right, .example-left {\n\n  padding-top: 30px;\n}\n\n.case-examples {\n\n  background-color: white;\n  padding: 20px;\n  border: 1px solid #5E5D5B;\n}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<script>\n\n        (function($) {\n\n\n\n\n        })(jQuery);\n\n  <\/script>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pad-5-sides is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column sep-section is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><br><strong>Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling in Adult Populations<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Emory-Adult-MITS-protocol-v1.01-CLEAN68-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">View Protocol<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column sep-section is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\"><br><strong>View CHAMPS summarized child mortality data, updated in real time, and request access to our datasets.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/champs-dashboards\/\">View Live Data<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BACKGROUND Malnutrition Malnutrition is a complex health condition that occurs when the body does not receive the right balance of nutrients. It can result from a deficiency, due to insufficient intake of essential vitamins, minerals, and calories, or from an excess, where there is overconsumption of calories or specific nutrients. This imbalance can lead to [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/cause_death\/malnutrition\/\">Read More&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> from Malnutrition<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-943","cause_death","type-cause_death","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cause_death\/943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cause_death"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/cause_death"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":96,"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cause_death\/943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4900,"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cause_death\/943\/revisions\/4900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/champshealth.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}